PART 3 – HEALTH EQUITY IN HOUSING: EVIDENCE AND EVIDENCE GAPS | NOVEMBER 2019 Authors & Editors Scott Burris, JD Angus Corbett, BA, LLB, LLM Professor and Director Adjunct Professor Center for Public Health Law Research, University of Pennsylvania Law School Temple University Beasley School of Law Abraham Gutman, MA Katie Moran-McCabe, JD Opinion and Editorial Writer Special Projects Manager Philadelphia Inquirer Center for Public Health Law Research, Temple University Beasley School of Law Bethany Saxon, MS Director of Communications Nadya Prood, MPH Center for Public Health Law Research, Technical Research Coordinator Temple University Beasley School of Law Center for Public Health Law Research, Temple University Beasley School of Law Kim Blankenship, PhD Professor, Department of Sociology Associate Dean of Research, College of Arts and Sciences American University Acknowledgements Special thanks to our advisory committee: Demetria McCain, Inclusive Communities Project; Mark A. Willis, NYU Furman Center; David Erickson, Federal Reserve Bank of New York; David E. Jacobs, National Center for Healthy Housing; Diane Yentel, National Low Income Housing Coalition; Saneta devuono- powell, SEED Collaborative; Shamus Roller, National Housing Law Project; Megan Haberle, Poverty & Race Research Action Council; Katherine O’Regan, NYU Furman Center. We also want to acknowledge our National Coordinating Center Team at the Urban Institute: Laudan Y. Aron and Lisa Dubay. Support for this report was provided by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Policies for Action program. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Foundation. Visit http://phlr.org/product/housingreports for more information. PART 3 – HEALTH EQUITY IN HOUSING: EVIDENCE AND EVIDENCE GAPS | NOVEMBER 2019 2 We are grateful to the following people who are taking action in housing policy and practice, and who generously shared their time and expertise during interviews for this project: Tarik Abdelazim Nestor M. Davidson Adam M. Gordon Associate Director of National Albert A. Walsh Chair in Real Estate, Associate Director Technical Assistance Land Use, and Property Law; Faculty Fair Share Housing Center Center for Community Progress Director, Urban Law Center Fordham University School of Law Sarah Halpern-Meekin Len Albright Associate Professor User Experience Researcher, Facebook Liza Cristol-Deman University of Wisconsin-Madison (formerly Assistant Professor Attorney School of Human Ecology of Sociology and Public Policy, Brancart & Brancart Northeastern University) Bradley Hardy Lan Deng Associate Professor Michael Allen Associate Professor of Urban and American University School of Public Partner Regional Planning Affairs Relman, Dane & Colfax Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning at the University of Annie Harper Andrew Aurand Michigan Instructor Vice President for Research Program for Recovery and Community National Low Income Housing Coalition Diana Yazzie Devine Health, Yale School of Medicine President/Chief Executive Officer Vicki Been Native American Connections Megan Hatch Deputy Mayor for Housing and Associate Professor & Ph.D. Program Economic Development for New York Marika Dias Director City Director of Tenant Rights Campaign Cleveland State University, Maxine Boxer Family Professor of Law at NYU Legal Services NYC Goodman Levin College of Urban School of Law Affairs Alexa Eisenberg Emily A. Benfer Doctoral Candidate Tim Iglesias Visiting Associate Clinical Professor of Law University of Michigan School of Public Professor Columbia Law School Health University of San Francisco School of Law Paul Boudreaux Tim Evans Marc S. Janowitz Professor of Law Director of Research Staff Attorney/Clinical Supervisor, Stetson University New Jersey Future Housing Practice East Bay Community Law Center Maya Brennan Patricia Fron Senior Policy Associate Executive Director Paul A. Jargowsky Urban Institute Chicago Area Fair Housing Alliance Professor of Public Policy, Rutgers University - Camden Rob Breymaier Edward Glaeser Director, Center for Urban Research Chief Operations Officer, Heartland Fred and Eleanor Glimp Professor of and Education Housing Economics Heartland Alliance Harvard University (formerly Executive Director, Oak Park Regional Housing Center) PART 3 – HEALTH EQUITY IN HOUSING: EVIDENCE AND EVIDENCE GAPS | NOVEMBER 2019 3 Priya Jayachandran Sandra Park Megan T. Sandel President Senior Staff Attorney Assistant Professor of Pediatrics National Housing Trust ACLU Women’s Rights Project Boston University School of Medicine Andrea Juracek Mark Paul Lou Tisler Executive Director Assistant Professor Executive Director Housing Choice Partners New College of Florida National NeighborWorks Association (formerly Director of Housing Danya Keene Rasheedah Phillips Counseling Network, National Assistant Professor of Public Health Training & Business Development Community Reinvestment Coalition) Yale School of Medicine Attorney Shriver Center on Poverty Law Lauren Walker Lee Matt Kreis (formerly Managing Attorney, Executive Director Counsel for Programs and Community Legal Services of Tacoma Community House Administration Philadelphia) (formerly Executive Director, Fair Center for Community Progress Housing Center of Washington) Alexander Polikoff Kimberly Latimer-Nelligan Co-Director, Public Housing; Senior Rebecca J. Walter President Staff Counsel Assistant Professor, Windermere Low Income Investment Fund Business and Professional People for Endowed Chair the Public Interest University of Washington College of Nora Lichtash Built Environments Executive Director John Pollock Women’s Community Revitalization Staff Attorney, Public Justice Center Morgan Williams Project Coordinator, National Coalition for a General Counsel Civil Right to Counsel National Fair Housing Alliance Juan Carlos Linares Chief Engagement Officer Shamus Roller Mark A. Willis City of Chicago’s Office of Public Executive Director Senior Policy Fellow Engagement National Housing Law Project NYU Furman Center (formerly Executive Director, LUCHA) Richard Rothstein Demetria McCain Distinguished Fellow, Economic Policy President Institute Inclusive Communities Project Senior Fellow, Haas Institute for a Fair and Inclusive Society at the University Beth McConnell of California (Berkeley) Policy Director Senior Fellow Emeritus, Thurgood The Philadelphia Association of Marshall Institute of the NAACP Legal Community Development Corporations Defense and Educational Fund Roshanak Mehdipanah Barbara Samuels Assistant Professor of Health Behavior Managing Attorney for ACLU of & Health Education Maryland’s Fair Housing Project University of Michigan School of Public ACLU of Maryland Health PART 3 – HEALTH EQUITY IN HOUSING: EVIDENCE AND EVIDENCE GAPS | NOVEMBER 2019 4 The Legal Levers for Health Equity through Housing Report Series This is the third in a series of reports exploring the role of law in housing equity and innovative uses of law to improve health equity through housing. The reports are based on extensive literature scans and semi-structured interviews with people who are taking action in housing policy and practice. The full series includes: Report I: A Vision of Health Equity in Housing; Report II: Legal Levers for Health Equity in Housing: A Systems Approach; Report IV: Creative People and Places Building Health Equity in Housing; Report V: Governing Health Equity in Housing; Report VI: Health Equity through Housing: A Blueprint for Systematic Legal Action. PART 3 – HEALTH EQUITY IN HOUSING: EVIDENCE AND EVIDENCE GAPS | NOVEMBER 2019 5 HEALTH EQUITY IN HOUSING: EVIDENCE AND EVIDENCE GAPS "People can make healthier choices if Introduction they live in neighborhoods that are safe, The law is one of many forces that has given us a country with less healthy housing than we need, and free from violence, and designed to more segregation and inequality than we should promote health. Ensuring opportunities tolerate. Changing laws that sustain health inequity in housing, enforcing laws that promote housing for residents to make healthy choices equity, and enacting new laws to support change, are should be a key component of all important elements of a strategic plan to change the housing system in America. Achieving legal change community and neighborhood can be difficult, given powerful conflicting interests, development initiatives. Where we live, but it is possible. A less obvious but equally important challenge is figuring out what reforms and innovations learn, work, and play really does matter to to advocate. Laws that don’t work, or cause harm, our health. Creating healthy communities squander the efforts that went into enacting and enforcing them. Worse, as long as they are perceived will require a broad range of players— as “solutions,” they can stand in the way of further urban planning, education, housing, policy innovation and reform. Successful use of the many legal levers we described in Report Two in this transportation, public health, health care, series depends heavily on our understanding of nutrition and others—to work together whether and how they work alone and in combination. routinely and understand each other’s The deficits in our knowledge of the law’s impact on housing cannot be understated. Laws make goals and skills." big promises, but rarely are the intended and side — Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Commission to Build effects of law tested by strong, timely research. This a Healthier America (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation report takes