Textbook of Pediatric Hematology and Hemato-Oncology Editor-in-Chief MR Lokeshwar Consultant Pediatrician and Pediatric Hematologist Oncologist Shushrusha Citizens Co-operative Hospital and Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai, India Editors Nitin K Shah Bharat R Agarwal President, Indian Academy of Pediatrics, 2006 Head Consultant Pediatrician, PD Hinduja Hospital, Mumbai, India Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Hon. Pediatric Hematologist Oncologist BJ Wadia Hospital for Children Institute of Child Health BJ Wadia Hospital and Lions Hospital, Mumbai, India and Research Centre, Mumbai, India Co-editors Mamta Vijay Manglani Anupam Sachdeva Professor and Head BrothersDirector, Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Department of Pediatrics Bone Marrow Transplantation, Institute for Child Health Chief, Division of Hematology-Oncology Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India Program Director, Pediatric Center of Excellence for HIV Care Recipient, Dr BC Roy Award Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and Recipient, Silver Jubilee Research Award General Hospital, Mumbai, India Publication Editor Asha Pillai Medical Officer Kashyap Nursing Home Mumbai, India Forewords SS Kamath JaypeeVijay N Yewale The Health Sciences Publisher New Delhi | London | Philadelphia | Panama Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. 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Every effort hasJaypee been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity. Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: [email protected] Textbook of Pediatric Hematology and Hemato-Oncology First Edition: 2016 ISBN: 978-93-5152-143-3 Printed at Dedicated to Zinet Currimbhoy Teacher of Teachers in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology for whom Children with blood disorders and cancerBrothers were the greatest teachers! Jaypee Contributors Aditya Kumar Gupta Anand Deshpande MD FNB (Pediatric Hematology Oncology, SGRH) Consultant Assistant Professor Hematopathologist and In-Charge Division of Pediatric Hematology- Transfusion Medicine Oncology PD Hinduja National Hospital Department of Pediatrics Mumbai, India Institute of Medical Sciences [email protected] Banaras Hindu University Varanasi, India Anupa A Joshipura [email protected] Fellow Pediatric Hemato-Oncology BJ Wadia Hospital for Children Ajay Kumar Institute of Child Health and Research Centre Senior Specialist Mumbai, India Department of Neonatology [email protected] Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital New Delhi, India Anupama S Borker [email protected] Consultant Pediatric Oncologist Somaiya Ayurvihar Aman Chauhan BrothersAsian Institute of Oncology Internal Medicine and Pediatrics KJ Somaiya Hospital Campus Combined Resident Mumbai, India Louisiana State University Health Science [email protected] Center New Orleans, USA Anupam Sachdeva [email protected] Director Pediatric Hematology-Oncology and Ambreen Pandrowala Bone Marrow Transplantation Clinical Associate Institute for Child Health Lilavati Hospital Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India Mumbai, India Recipient, Dr BC Roy Award [email protected] Recipient, Silver Jubilee Research Award [email protected] Amol Dongre Aparna Vijayaraghavan JaypeeAssistant Professor Registrar Department of Medical Oncology Department of Pediatrics Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Chennai, India Wardha, India [email protected] [email protected] viii Textbook of Pediatric Hematology and Hemato-Oncology AP Dubey Brijesh Arora Director Professor Professor and Head Division of Pediatric Oncology Department of Pediatrics Tata Memorial Hospital Maulana Azad Medical College and Mumbai, India Associated Lok Nayak Hospital [email protected] New Delhi, India [email protected] Deepak K Changlani Pediatric Interventional Cardiologist Arvind Saili Lilavati Hospital and Research Centre Director Mumbai, India Professor and Head [email protected] Department of Neonatology Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital Dilraj Kaur Kahlon New Delhi, India Consultant Pediatric Hemato-Oncologist [email protected] Amandeep Hospital Amritsar, India [email protected] ATK Rau Pediatric Hematologist-Oncologist Professor, Department of Pediatrics Dinesh Yadav MD MS Ramaiah Medical College Consultant Pediatrician Bengaluru, India Vivekanand Hospital, Bhadra, India [email protected] Formerly Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Bharat R Agarwal Sciences, Indore, India Head Brothers [email protected] Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology BJ Wadia Hospital for Children Farah Jijina Institute of Child Health and Research Consultant Hematologist Centre, Mumbai, India PD Hinduja Hospital, Mahim, India [email protected] Professor Department of Hematology Seth GS Medical College and Bhavna Dhingra KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India Assistant Professor [email protected] Department of Pediatrics All India Institute of Medical Sciences Gaurav Narula Bhopal, India Associate Professor (Pediatric-Oncology) [email protected] Department of Medical Oncology Tata Memorial Hospital Mumbai, India JaypeeBipin P Kulkarni [email protected] Scientist ‘B’ National Institute of Immunohaematology (Indian Council of Girish Chinnaswamy Medical Research, ICMR) Associate Professor (Pediatric-Oncology) KEM Hospital Campus Department of Medical Oncology Mumbai, India Tata Memorial Hospital [email protected] Mumbai, India www.niih.org.in [email protected] Contributors ix Jagdish Chandra Malobika Bhattacharya Director-Professor of Pediatrics Consultant Pediatrics In-Charge, Pediatric Hematology and Kailash Hospital Thalassemia Day Care Centre Greater Noida, India Programme Director, Pediatric Centre of [email protected] Excellence (HIV) Lady Hardinge Medical College and Kalawati Saran Children’s Hospital Mamta Vijay Manglani New Delhi, India Professor and Head [email protected] Department of Pediatrics Chief, Division of Hematology-Oncology Jayashree Mondkar Program Director, Pediatric Center of Professor and Head Excellence for HIV Care, Lokmanya Tilak Department of Neonatology Municipal Medical College and General Director Hospital, Mumbai, India Human Milk Bank [email protected] Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital Mumbai, India Manas Kalra [email protected] Fellowship Pediatric Oncology and BMT-Sydney Kana Ram Jat Consultant, Pediatric Hematologist Assistant Professor Oncologist and BMT Unit Department of Pediatrics Sir Ganga Ram Hospital All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India New Delhi, India [email protected] [email protected] BrothersMaya Prasad K Ghosh Assistant Professor