The NetBSD Guide (2008/02/19) The NetBSD Developers The NetBSD Guide by The NetBSD Developers Published 2008/02/19 18:52:52 Copyright © 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Federico Lupi Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 The NetBSD Foundation All brand and product names used in this guide are or may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. NetBSD® is a registered trademark of The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. Table of Contents Purpose of this guide ............................................................................................................................ xvii I. About NetBSD .................................................................................................................................. xviii 1 What is NetBSD? ............................................................................................................................1 1.1 The story of NetBSD..........................................................................................................1 1.2 NetBSD features.................................................................................................................1 1.3 Supported platforms ...........................................................................................................2 1.4 NetBSD’s target users.........................................................................................................2 1.5 Applications for NetBSD ...................................................................................................2 1.6 How to get NetBSD............................................................................................................2 II. System installation and related issues.................................................................................................1 2 Installing NetBSD: Preliminary considerations and preparations ..................................................2 2.1 Preliminary considerations.................................................................................................2 2.1.1 Dual booting...........................................................................................................2 2.1.2 NetBSD on emulation and virtualization...............................................................2 2.2 Install preparations .............................................................................................................2 2.2.1 The INSTALL document .......................................................................................3 2.2.2 Partitions ................................................................................................................3 2.2.3 Hard disk space requirements................................................................................4 2.2.4 Network settings ....................................................................................................4 2.2.5 Backup your data and operating systems! .............................................................4 2.2.6 Preparing the installation media.............................................................................4 2.2.6.1 Booting the install system from CD..........................................................5 2.2.6.2 Booting the install system from floppy .....................................................5 2.3 Checklist.............................................................................................................................5 3 Example installation........................................................................................................................7 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................7 3.2 The installation process ......................................................................................................7 3.3 Keyboard layout .................................................................................................................7 3.4 Starting the installation.......................................................................................................8 3.5 MBR partitions .................................................................................................................12 3.6 Disklabel partitions...........................................................................................................15 3.7 Setting the disk name........................................................................................................17 3.8 Last chance!......................................................................................................................18 3.9 The disk preparation process............................................................................................19 3.10 Choosing the installation media .....................................................................................20 3.10.1 Installing from CD-ROM or DVD.....................................................................21 3.10.2 Installing from an unmounted file system..........................................................22 3.10.3 Installing via FTP...............................................................................................23 3.10.4 Installing via NFS ..............................................................................................28 3.11 Extracting sets ................................................................................................................29 3.12 System configuration......................................................................................................30 3.13 Finishing the installation ................................................................................................33 4 Upgrading NetBSD .......................................................................................................................36 4.1 Overview ..........................................................................................................................36 4.2 The INSTALL document..................................................................................................36 iii 4.3 Performing the upgrade....................................................................................................36 III. System configuration, administration and tuning..........................................................................43 5 The first steps on NetBSD.............................................................................................................44 5.1 Troubleshooting................................................................................................................44 5.1.1 Boot problems......................................................................................................44 5.1.2 Misconfiguration of /etc/rc.conf...........................................................................44 5.2 The man command ...........................................................................................................45 5.3 Editing the configuration files ..........................................................................................46 5.4 Login.................................................................................................................................47 5.5 Changing the root password...........................................................................................47 5.6 Adding users.....................................................................................................................47 5.7 Shadow passwords............................................................................................................48 5.8 Changing the keyboard layout..........................................................................................48 5.9 System time ......................................................................................................................48 5.10 Secure Shell (ssh(1)).......................................................................................................49 5.11 Basic configuration in /etc/rc.conf..........................................................................49 5.12 Basic network settings....................................................................................................50 5.13 Mounting a CD-ROM.....................................................................................................50 5.14 Mounting a floppy ..........................................................................................................51 5.15 Installing additional software .........................................................................................51 5.15.1. Using packages from pkgsrc.............................................................................51 5.15.2. Storing third-party software..............................................................................52 5.16 Security alerts .................................................................................................................52 5.17 Stopping and rebooting the system.................................................................................52 6 Editing...........................................................................................................................................54 6.1 Introducing vi ...................................................................................................................54