COSEWIC Assessment and Status Report on the Coast Microseris Microseris bigelovii in Canada ENDANGERED 2006 COSEWIC COSEPAC COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF COMITÉ SUR LA SITUATION ENDANGERED WILDLIFE DES ESPÈCES EN PÉRIL IN CANADA AU CANADA COSEWIC status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of wildlife species suspected of being at risk. This report may be cited as follows: COSEWIC 2006. COSEWIC assessment and status report on the coast microseris Microseris bigelovii in Canada. Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. Ottawa. vi + 26 pp. (www.sararegistry.gc.ca/status/status_e.cfm). Production note: COSEWIC acknowledges Matt Fairbarns, Andrew MacDougall and Adolf and Oldriska Ceska for writing the status report on the coast microseris Microseris bigelovii in Canada. COSEWIC also gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the BC Conservation Data Centre and the Garry Oak Ecosystem Recovery Team for the preparation of this report. The COSEWIC report review was overseen by Erich Haber, Co-chair (Vascular Plants), of the COSEWIC Plants and Lichens Species Specialist Subcommittee, with input from members of COSEWIC. That review may have resulted in changes and additions to the initial version of the report. For additional copies contact: COSEWIC Secretariat c/o Canadian Wildlife Service Environment Canada Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3 Tel.: (819) 997-4991 / (819) 953-3215 Fax: (819) 994-3684 E-mail: COSEWIC/[email protected] http://www.cosewic.gc.ca Également disponible en français sous le titre Évaluation et Rapport de situation du COSEPAC sur le microséris de Bigelow (Microseris bigelovii) au Canada. Cover illustration: Coast microseris — Illustration of Microseris bigelovii by Elizabeth J. Stephens (Douglas et al. 1998, with permission). ©Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada 2006 Catalogue No. CW69-14/4-2006E-PDF ISBN 0-662-43233-9 Recycled paper COSEWIC Assessment Summary Assessment Summary – April 2006 Common name Coast microseris Scientific name Microseris bigelovii Status Endangered Reason for designation A small annual herb present in a few fragmented sites within a narrow coastal fringe on southeast Vancouver Island in a densely inhabited urbanized region. Development, recreational activities, site management practices and competition from invasive alien plants continue to impact the species. Occurrence British Columbia Status history Designated Endangered in April 2006. Assessment based on a new status report. iii COSEWIC Executive Summary Coast Microseris Microseris bigelovii Species information Coast microseris (Microseris bigelovii) is a small stemless herb of the aster family with narrow, entire to deeply lobed basal leaves and a leafless flowering stalk bearing a single yellow flower head. Its fruits (achenes) are crowned by five distinctively shaped scales, each terminating in a long, hair-like bristle. Distribution The species ranges from Vancouver Island south along the coast to California. In Canada, M. bigelovii is restricted to southeast Vancouver Island and the adjacent Gulf Islands. The nearest extant population outside Canada occurs in Yachats, Oregon, about 450 km to the south. Habitat In Canada, coast microseris occurs on open rock bluffs and in rock-bound vernal seeps within 100 metres of the ocean. The sites are moist in autumn, winter and spring but dry during the summer. Biology The species is a self-pollinated annual that flowers and fruits in late spring. Seeds appear to have no dormancy mechanisms. Canadian populations possess a number of genetic traits that suggest they are derived from a single founder. Population sizes and trends Coast microseris is found in only six sites in Canada. All six sites are small with populations varying in size from 100 to 2,500 plants per site for an aggregate total of 5,500 to 6,500 individuals. It has become extirpated from at least four, and perhaps as many as six, historic locations in Canada. iv Limiting factors and threats Habitat loss and degradation presents the primary threat in Canada. An estimated 95% of the potential habitat has been lost over the past century due to urban and industrial development along with fire suppression and invasion by exotic herbs and shrubs. The species is restricted to the sub-Mediterranean climate of southeast Vancouver Island, and even there it only occurs in the ameliorated climate of shoreline locales, which experience fewer frosts and receive more moisture in the form of fog. Special significance of the species The Canadian populations are of scientific interest because they are highly disjunct from the species’ main range, and because they are genetically distinct from plants in the main range of the species. Existing protection or other status designations Coast microseris is not protected by any endangered species legislation. Only one population occurs in a protected area. It has a global rank of G4 – apparently secure. v COSEWIC HISTORY The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) was created in 1977 as a result of a recommendation at the Federal-Provincial Wildlife Conference held in 1976. It arose from the need for a single, official, scientifically sound, national listing of wildlife species at risk. In 1978, COSEWIC designated its first species and produced its first list of Canadian species at risk. Species designated at meetings of the full committee are added to the list. On June 5th 2003, the Species at Risk Act (SARA) was proclaimed. SARA establishes COSEWIC as an advisory body ensuring that species will continue to be assessed under a rigorous and independent scientific process. COSEWIC MANDATE The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) assesses the national status of wild species, subspecies, varieties, or other designatable units that are considered to be at risk in Canada. Designations are made on native species for the following taxonomic groups: mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, arthropods, molluscs, vascular plants, mosses, and lichens. COSEWIC MEMBERSHIP COSEWIC comprises members from each provincial and territorial government wildlife agency, four federal entities (Canadian Wildlife Service, Parks Canada Agency, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, and the Federal Biodiversity Information Partnership, chaired by the Canadian Museum of Nature), three non-government science members and the co-chairs of the species specialist subcommittees and the Aboriginal Traditional Knowledge subcommittee. The Committee meets to consider status reports on candidate species. DEFINITIONS (2006) Wildlife Species A species, subspecies, variety, or geographically or genetically distinct population of animal, plant or other organism, other than a bacterium or virus, that is wild by nature and it is either native to Canada or has extended its range into Canada without human intervention and has been present in Canada for at least 50 years. Extinct (X) A wildlife species that no longer exists. Extirpated (XT) A wildlife species no longer existing in the wild in Canada, but occurring elsewhere. Endangered (E) A wildlife species facing imminent extirpation or extinction. Threatened (T) A wildlife species likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed. Special Concern (SC)* A wildlife species that may become a threatened or an endangered species because of a combination of biological characteristics and identified threats. Not at Risk (NAR)** A wildlife species that has been evaluated and found to be not at risk of extinction given the current circumstances. Data Deficient (DD)*** A category that applies when the available information is insufficient (a) to resolve a species’ eligibility for assessment or (b) to permit an assessment of the species’ risk of extinction. * Formerly described as “Vulnerable” from 1990 to 1999, or “Rare” prior to 1990. ** Formerly described as “Not In Any Category”, or “No Designation Required.” *** Formerly described as “Indeterminate” from 1994 to 1999 or “ISIBD” (insufficient scientific information on which to base a designation) prior to 1994. Definition of the (DD) category revised in 2006. Environment Environnement Canada Canada Canada Canadian Wildlife Service canadien Service de la faune The Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, provides full administrative and financial support to the COSEWIC Secretariat. vi COSEWIC Status Report on the Coast Microseris Microseris bigelovii in Canada 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS SPECIES INFORMATION............................................................................................... 4 Name and classification............................................................................................... 4 Description................................................................................................................... 4 Genetic description...................................................................................................... 5 DISTRIBUTION............................................................................................................... 5 Global range ................................................................................................................ 5 Canadian range ........................................................................................................... 5 HABITAT .........................................................................................................................9 Habitat requirements ..................................................................................................