Journal of Maps ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tjom20 Ornamental stones of Piemonte (NW Italy): an updated geo-lithological map Luca Barale , Alessandro Borghi , Anna d’Atri , Francesca Gambino & Fabrizio Piana To cite this article: Luca Barale , Alessandro Borghi , Anna d’Atri , Francesca Gambino & Fabrizio Piana (2020) Ornamental stones of Piemonte (NW Italy): an updated geo-lithological map, Journal of Maps, 16:2, 867-878, DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2020.1837685 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2020.1837685 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of Journal of Maps View supplementary material Published online: 18 Nov 2020. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 53 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tjom20 JOURNAL OF MAPS 2020, VOL. 16, NO. 2, 867–878 https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2020.1837685 Science Ornamental stones of Piemonte (NW Italy): an updated geo-lithological map Luca Barale a, Alessandro Borghi b, Anna d’Atri a,b, Francesca Gambino b and Fabrizio Piana a aCNR, Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, Torino Unit, Torino, Italy; bDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY The ‘Ornamental Stones of Piemonte Region’ geo-lithological map at 1:250,000 scale aims at Received 16 July 2020 reviewing the ornamental stone heritage of Piemonte at the regional scale. The map derives Revised 21 September 2020 from a thorough revision of the available literature, integrated with some unpublished Accepted 13 October 2020 original data. The map shows the location of the main quarries of ornamental stones of the KEYWORDS region, selected on the basis of their historical, cultural and architectonic relevance. A geo- Geological map; Lithology; lithological basemap was produced, deriving it from a basic Geological Map of Piemonte, Ornamental stones; Quarries; available at the same scale. The large varieties of lithotypes of Piemonte have been Western Alps; Piemonte resumed, in the new map, into 21 classes, which all the ornamental stones have been assigned to. The Main Map is enriched by some significant examples of using the ornamental stones in historical buildings, and it is supported by a supplementary data base containing essential information about the quarry sites and the quarried material. 1. Introduction the collision and mutual indentation of the two plate In Piemonte region (NW Italy) over one hundred var- margins (e.g. Dal Piaz et al., 2003; Dewey et al., ieties of rocks have been quarried over the centuries as 1973; Handy et al., 2010). In this frame, the Alps- both building and ornamental stones. Quarrying Apennines orogenic system originated, involving con- activity is attested since Roman times (e.g. Barelli, tinental and oceanic crustal units that were affected by 1835; Borghi et al., 2016) and had a progressive devel- a multistage metamorphic and tectonic reworking. opment starting from the 16th century under the push Since middle Eocene, synorogenic sedimentary basins of the expanding Savoy Kingdom (Borghi et al., 2014). developed in front of the Alps-Apennines orogens and At present, ornamental stone quarrying is still an became themselves progressively involved in the over- important economic activity in the north-eastern all tectonic system (Piana, Barale, et al., 2017; Piana, part of the region (Verbano-Cusio-Ossola-Sesia Valley Fioraso, et al., 2017). district; Cavallo et al., 2019; Dino & Cavallo, 2014), A concise graphic representation on a map of such whereas elsewhere it underwent a progressive decay a complex geology and geodiversity, requires the set- during the 20th century (with a few exceptions, as ting up of some classification criteria suitable for the the Luserna Stone district in the Cottian Alps; Bari- task at hand. For our purposes, these criteria should sone et al., 1979; Sandrone et al., 2004). be well-suited for both the readers not too skilled in The great variety of ornamental and building stones geology, as well as the experts in the area. The pro- of Piemonte (e.g. Catella, 1969) is due to the extreme posed map is thus a simplified lithological map, con- geological diversity of the region, which encompasses sisting of 21 lithological classes, showing the rock types pertaining to very different geological con- distribution of the ornamental stones exploited in Pie- texts (Piana, Barale, et al., 2017; Piana, Fioraso, et al., monte. It was obtained by modifying the basic Geo- 2017). This complexity is the result of a continuous logical Map of Piemonte (GeoPiemonteMap, Piana, geodynamic evolution that started since the beginning Fioraso, et al., 2017) and its Data Model, also available of Mesozoic leading to the individuation, in the Paleo- as a WebGIS service (https://webgis.arpa.piemonte.it/ zoic Pangea supercontinent, of two continental passive Geoviewer2D/index.html?config=other-configs/ margins: the palaeo-European and palaeo-Adriatic geologia250k_config.json). margins, separated by the Alpine Tethys oceanic The Main Map reports the location of the selected domain. Since Late Cretaceous, the convergence of active and inactive ornamental stone quarries, which the two continental margins induced the subduction have been subdivided into five ‘quarry districts’ on of the interposed oceanic lithosphere, followed by the basis of geographic and historic criteria (Figure 1). CONTACT Francesca Gambino [email protected] Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Via Valperga Caluso 35, Torino, Italy Supplemental data for this article can be accessed https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2020.1837685 © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of Journal of Maps This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrest- ricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 868 L. BARALE ET AL. Figure 1. Scheme of the quarry districts of Piemonte. The basic information about the quarry site and the 2. Map representation criteria quarried material is reported in a database (Supplemen- The complex legend of the basic GeoPiemonteMap tary Material 1). Six representative historical buildings (Piana, Barale, et al., 2017; Piana, Fioraso, et al., have been reported on the Map as ancillary graphics 2017), which includes more than two hundreds to provide an overview of the final use of some orna- items representing the complex geological setting of mental stones quarried in Piemonte (see section 4). JOURNAL OF MAPS 869 the region, has been simplified here, using strictly - Cenozoic allochemical rocks (alc): Calcarenite and lithological criteria. In this way, only 21 synthetic calcirudite of Eocene to Miocene age (BTP; Alpine lithological units were created for the pre-Quaternary Foreland Basin); calcareous-marly turbidite succes- rocks of the region, each grouping rocks characterised sions of Eocene age (Ligurian units of Monferrato). by homogeneous lithology, even if belonging to geo- In the BTP succession, the Gassino Limestone, a bio- logical units characterised by different paleogeo- calcirudite of Eocene age (Campanino & Ricci, graphic origin, geological evolution and age. The 1991), was used as ornamental stone in Torino in Quaternary deposits, not crucial for the description the 18th–19th centuries, largely employed in the of the ornamental stones, but essential for a complete Basilica di Superga. Miocene biocalcarenite and bio- cartographic representation, have been grouped into calcirudite of the BTP were exploited in Monferrato other four classes. (Pietra da Cantoni) and Alto Monferrato sectors (Visone Stone). - Mesozoic allochemical rocks (alm): Middle Triassic – 2.1. Map legend Jurassic carbonate and Cretaceous marly limestone The 21 lithological units of substrate rocks have been successions of the Palaeo-European Continental grouped into Sedimentary Rocks, Magmatic Rocks, Margin (Provençal-Dauphinois-External Briançon- Metamorphic Rocks and Fault Rocks. Quaternary nais succession), Middle Triassic – Jurassic lime- deposits have been subdivided into four units (Recent stone and dolostone of the Palaeo-Adriatic alluvial deposits; Terraced alluvial deposits; Glacial Continental Margin (Southalpine sedimentary suc- deposits; Landslide, block stream and rock glacier cession), and calcareous-marly turbidite successions deposits) which are not further described here since of Cretaceous age (Ligurian units of Maritime Alps; they have no relevance for ornamental stone quarry- Ligurian units of Northern Apennines). Historic ing. A short description of the rock types included ornamental stones were exploited from the Trias- in each lithological unit is given in the following, sic-Jurassic succession of the External Briançonnais with essential bibliographic references (for an Domain (Persichino di Garessio, Persichino di Corsa- extended regional bibliography, the reader is referred glia, Bardiglio di Garessio, Portoro di Nava, Nero di to Piana, Barale, et al., 2017). For each lithological Ormea, Casotto Breccia), largely used in Torino in unit, the main ornamental stones (e.g. those reported the 18th-19th century, and from the Middle Trias- in Figure 2) are also listed.