Download all form :- www.UPSCPDF.com goias.in Sociology-1 Tusharanshu- AIR-75, CSE-2014 IFS Tusharanshu-goias.in Download all form :- www.UPSCPDF.com Download all form :- www.UPSCPDF.com Contents TOPIC-01- SOCIOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE ................................................................................................. 7 Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of sociology. ............................................. 7 Summary of Notes for this topic: .................................................................................................... 7 NCERT .............................................................................................................................................. 8 IGNOU: Detailed .............................................................................................................................. 8 The social conditions in which sociology emerged ......................................................................... 9 The French revolution ................................................................................................................... 10 The industrial revolution ............................................................................................................... 12 The intellectual influences affecting the emergence of sociology ............................................... 13 Characteristics of Early Sociology (Bottomore): ........................................................................... 14 Rise of sociology: ........................................................................................................................... 14 Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences. ................................................... 15 Scope of sociology ......................................................................................................................... 15 Sociology and other disciplines: .................................................................................................... 18 Sociology and common sense. .......................................................................................................... 25 My Answer: ................................................................................................................................... 25 An article on SOCIOLOGY and COMMON SENSE .......................................................................... 26 Sociological Versus Non-Sociological Explanations ...................................................................... 29 TOPIC-02- SOCIOLOGY AS SCIENCE ....................................................................................................... 31 Science, scientific method and critique ............................................................................................ 31 Nature of Sociology ....................................................................................................................... 31 What is Reliability?........................................................................................................................ 33 What is Generalization? ................................................................................................................ 34 What are Predictions? ................................................................................................................... 34 Scientific method and critique: ..................................................................................................... 37 Critique of scientific methods ....................................................................................................... 39 Major theoretical strands of research methodology ........................................................................ 41 Positivism and its critique ................................................................................................................. 41 Fact, Value and objectivity ................................................................................................................ 45 Non Positivist methodologies ........................................................................................................... 46 Hermeneutical/Interpretative/VerstehenApproach: ................................................................... 47 Interactionism ............................................................................................................................... 48 Phenomenology ............................................................................................................................ 49 1 Tusharanshu-goias.in Download all form :- www.UPSCPDF.com Download all form :- www.UPSCPDF.com Ethnomethodology ....................................................................................................................... 50 Symbolic Interactionism................................................................................................................ 51 TOPIC-03- Research Methods and Analysis .......................................................................................... 54 Qualitative and quantitative methods .............................................................................................. 54 QUANTITATIVE METHODS ............................................................................................................ 54 QUALITATIVE METHODS ............................................................................................................... 55 Techniques of data collection ........................................................................................................... 57 Primary sources and secondary sources ....................................................................................... 57 Participant and quasi-participant observation ............................................................................. 58 Interview ....................................................................................................................................... 58 Questionnaire ............................................................................................................................... 58 Schedule ........................................................................................................................................ 59 Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity ................................................................... 59 SAMPLING ..................................................................................................................................... 59 Hypothesis ..................................................................................................................................... 63 Reliability ....................................................................................................................................... 66 Validity .......................................................................................................................................... 66 TRIANGULATTON .......................................................................................................................... 67 Other Research methodologies: .................................................................................................. 68 TOPIC-04- Sociological Thinkers: ........................................................................................................... 70 KARL MARX ....................................................................................................................................... 70 Marx - Modes of Production ......................................................................................................... 73 KARL MARX and ALIENATION ........................................................................................................ 78 MARX and Division of Labour........................................................................................................ 80 Marx and his Criticism: .................................................................................................................. 81 EMILE DURKHEIM. ............................................................................................................................ 83 Division of labour .......................................................................................................................... 83 EMILE DURKHEIM- Social Facts ..................................................................................................... 88 Durkheim study of Religion ........................................................................................................... 91 Critique of Durkheim’s study of religion ....................................................................................... 93 Emile Durkeim’s study of Suicide .................................................................................................. 97 MAX WEBER .................................................................................................................................... 100 Max Weber and Ideal Types ....................................................................................................... 102 Weber- power and authority ...................................................................................................... 104 2 Tusharanshu-goias.in Download all form :- www.UPSCPDF.com Download all form :- www.UPSCPDF.com