Dr Mila POPOVI]-@IVAN^EVI] Dr Mila POPOVI]-@IVAN^EVI] savetnik konzervator, {ef OPZ Dijana councillor-conservator, Chief OPZ Diana RE^ UREDNIKA THE WORD OF EDITOR Po~etkom devedesetih godina pro{log veka svi oni koji It is important for the founders of Diana that they reali- su se kasnije okupili oko Dijane shvatili su da se svet pro- sed that world has been changed in the beggining of the menio, da nasle|e nije pripremljeno za te promene i da 90’s of previous century, that heritage is not prepared for je ba{tina zbog toga po~ela ubrzano da propada. Shvati- those changes and that heritage began to deteriorate ra- li su da je potreban druga~iji teorijski, metodolo{ki i pidly. Because of these facts different theoretical, metho- prakti~an pristup o~uvanju i za{titi ba{tine, koji – ubr- dological and practical approach of protection and pre- zo je to postalo jasno – mora da po~iva na organizovanju servation of heritage was needed, and it soon became pogodne sredine i na interdisciplinarnim i integrativnim clear that that approach will preferentially suit by orga- merama za{tite. To je bilo jedno od najva`nijih i prelom- nizing convenient enviroment and interdisciplinary and nih razdoblja u dugoj istoriji za{tite (a organizovana za- integrative measures of protection. This is one of the most {tita ba{tine neprekidno postoji jo{ od anti~kih rimskih important periods in the long lasting history of protec- vremena). Taj period nametao je neminovne i su{tinske tion (that has lasted in an organized manner and con- promene kod profesionalaca i u institucijama za{tite u stantly since the time of the Romans), and this period de- odnosu prema ba{tini i u na~inu organizovanja slu`bi mands necessary and essential changes on professionals za{tite. Naravno, bile su neophodne i promene u obrazo- and institutions of protection concerning heritage and, vanju novih generacija za{titara, ali i u {iroj javnosti i in the way of organization of services of protection. Of odgovornim telima dr`ave. Morala su se menjati uobi- course, the changes of educational system of new gene- ~ajena shvatanja o za{titi nasle|a – bilo je potrebno raz- ration of conservationists, and public and responsable mi{ljati o prilago|avanju nasle|a savremenoj poreme}e- governmental bodies were necessery. Ordinary compre- noj okolini i o njegovom uklju~ivanju u savremeni `ivot, hensions of protection of heritage had to be changed, o na~inu o~uvanja njegovog integriteta u okviru odr`ivog adapted to contemporary disordered environment, inclu- razvoja, o tome kako nasle|e preneti narednim genera- ded in contemporary life, preserved its integrity within cijama u svoj njegovoj vrednosti, lepoti i celovitosti. sustainable development, detained its compromise for Na`alost, u vreme kada institucije za{tite u Evropi the next generations, transmited to the next generation po~inju ozbiljno da se revitalizuju i prilago|avaju novim in all its value, beauty, completeness, integrity. civilizacijskim elementima, a u skladu s promenama u Unfortunatelly, at the time when the Europian in- sredini u kojoj se nalaze i s novom dru{tvenom ulogom stitutions of protection seriously begin to revitalize and koju nasle|e dobija u razvoju pojedinih nacija, kao i adjust to new elements of civilization, in compliance with evropskog dru{tva u celini, stanje u Srbiji je, usled po- the changes of enviroment and the new social role and gor{anja ekonomsko-politi~kih prilika i dugogodi{nje responsibility which heritage assumes through develop- ekonomske i stru~ne izolacije, bilo posebno te{ko. Na{a ment of paticular nations and whole Europian society, zemlja ima dugu tradiciju prirodnog pra}enja teorijskog The situation in Serbia, because of deterioration of eco- i prakti~nog razvoja metodologije za{tite, a na{i stru~- nomic and political situation and economic and professi- njaci negovali su profesionalni kontinuitet u konzerva- onal isolation, was especially complicated and difficult. ciji jo{ od sredine XIX veka. Po~etkom devedesetih go- Our country has a long lasting tradition of following the dina, me|utim, odgovorne institucije vlade i institucije theoretical and practical development of methodology za{tite gube kontrolu nad op{tim i nacionalnim strategi- of protection, and in the history of conservation we often jama razvoja i o~uvanja kulturnog i prirodnog nasle|a. had very high scientific human resources who have been U institucijama za{tite zamiru osnovne funkcije i aktiv- cultivating professional continuity since the middle of nosti. Prekida se kontinuitet s prethodnim razvojem i 19th century. Unfortunatelly, in the beginning of 90’s, 01 praksom, sa op{tim tokovima razvoja za{tite i njene me- responsible institutions of government and protection todologije, prestaju me|unarodna saradnja i razmena lost control over general and national strategies of deve- informacija, znanja i ideja. To u dobroj meri doprinosi lopment and preservation of cultural and natural heri- profesionalnoj i eti~koj degradaciji zaposlenih u institu- tage. In the institutions of protection general functions cijama za{tite. Oni u to vreme nisu vi{e u mogu}nosti da and activities died away. Continuity is disrupted with pre- na adekvatan na~in odgovore svojim profesionalnim oba- vious development and practice, with the general flow of vezama i novim izazovima struke, da prilagode svoju development of protection and its methodology, inter- profesiju i institucije novim strate{kim zahtevima o~u- national cooperation and exchange of information, know- vanja nasle|a. ledge and ideas have ceased. All this contributed to pro- Narodni muzej u Beogradu zbog toga sredinom deve- fessional and ethical degradation of professionals in the desetih godina pro{log veka pokre}e projekat koji inicira, institutions of protection. They are no longer capable to razvija i u muzeolo{koj praksi pru`a odgovaraju}e teo- respond to their professional commitmens and challenges, rijske i metodolo{ke koncepte novog sistema za{tite na- to adjust their profession and institutions to the new sle|a. Pravilno je procenjeno da stru~njake treba pripre- strategic demands of preservation of heritage. miti za nov koncept za{tite, ali da se moraju pripremiti In the mid 90’s of previous century the National i oni koji tek dolaze. U skladu s tim, Narodni muzej 1997. Museum started a project which initiates, develops and godine pokre}e edukativni projekat Dijana, koji putem reaches, in the museum’s practice, adequate theoretical razli~itih metodolo{kih elemenata sistematski razvija and methodological concepts of the new system of heri- slo`ene edukativne programe, spontano oslonjene na tage protection, that is necessary for preparation a new globalne strategije i izri~ito prilago|ene posebnim po- concept of heritage for the actual experts and for the ones trebama Srbije, a – kao {to se ubrzo pokazalo – i potre- that are coming. bama regiona Balkana. The National Museum in Belgrade started an educa- Od samog po~etka projekat Dijana bio je postavljen tional project called Diana in 1997, and that project, thro- kao sveobuhvatan, integrativni teorijski koncept za{tite, ugh the different methodological elements, systemati- koji u jedinstven interdisciplinarni sistem uklju~uje sve cally develops complex educational programs, which are sadr`aje ba{tine i koji koristi metodologiju preventivne spontaneously based on global strategies and adjusted konzervacije za svoju primenu u praksi. Dijana pomera to specific demands of Serbia, and soon it will become te`i{te konzervacije, defini{u}i je kao interdisciplinarni obvious that it can refer to the whole region of Balkan. sistem mera brige za ba{tinu. Narodni muzej je prepo- From the very beginnig Diana project was set as znao i dozvolio razvijanje takvog projekta, alternativnog wholesome, integrative and theoretical concept of pro- u postoje}em sistemu za{tite, i to ne samo u Srbiji ve} i tection, which includes all contents of heritage in an {ire. Narodni muzej je jo{ jednom u svojoj dugoj istoriji unique interdisciplinary system and uses the methodo- pokazao da ima pozitivne i kreativne resurse, one koji logy of preventive conservation for its use in practice. op{tim kontekstima daju nova tuma~enja, koji prilagod- Diana defines it as an interdisciplinary system of meas- ljivo, `ivo, pragmati~no i neformalno reaguju na savre- ures of care for heritage. The National Museum recog- mene sveobuhvatne potrebe za{tite ba{tine; potvrdio je nized and allowed for development of a project like this da male sredine, re{avaju}i svoje nagomilane probleme, one in Serbia and beyond. same dolaze do op{tih strategija, da ih ve{to koriste i The National Museum showed once again in its hi- prilago|avaju sopstvenim interesima. story that it has positive and creative resources, which Dijana je insistirala na tome da je preventivna kon- give the new explanations of general contexts; which react zervacija kao strategija izuzetno va`na za za{titu kultur- to contemporary wholesome needs in vivid, pragmatic nog nasle|a u zemljama u tranziciji. Devastirana podru~- and informal way; it also verified that the small commu- ja Balkana i jugoisto~ne Evrope zahtevaju ~vrst i dobro nities make themselves the general strategies by solving organizovan, sveobuhvatan sistem aktivnosti i mera, si- its numerous problems, that they use it proficiently and stem koji ni{ta ne podrazumeva, ve} na istom zadatku adjust it to they own interests. povezuje sve aktivnosti muzeja, odgovornih institucija Diana has insisted on the preventive conservation vlasti i javnost. Tako je na Generalnoj skup{tini Uneska as the very important strategy for the protection of the 2003. godine u Parizu prihva}ena Rezolucija Srbije i Crne cultural heritage in the countries of transition. The de- Gore o preventivnoj za{titi kao osnovnoj strategiji za{tite vastated areas of Balkan and South East Europe demand ba{tine, posebno za zemlje u razvoju i tranziciji.