REVOLUTIONS 3RD REINVENTING RUSSIA EDITION TOM RYAN LAUREN PERFECT HTAV • SAMPLE PAGES SCOTT SWEENEY HTAV • SAMPLE PAGES • ISBN 978-1-922481-02-3 • www.htavshop.com.au CONTENTS Bloody Sunday ....................................................................57 War and Politics...........................................................................94 Bloody Nicholas ..................................................................58 War Industries Committee and Union of Zemstvos ..........94 Georgi Gapon, 1870–1906 ....................................................................59 The Progressive Bloc ...........................................................95 Accounts of Bloody Sunday .................................................................61 Commander-in-Chief Tsar Nicholas ....................................96 The 1905 Revolution ...................................................................62 The Tsarina and Rasputin ...................................................97 Acknowledgements ............................................................vi Peasants and nationalities ................................................62 Ministerial leapfrog ............................................................97 About the Authors .............................................................vii Students ..............................................................................62 The murder of Rasputin ......................................................98 Revolutions—An Introduction .........................................viii Soldiers and sailors ............................................................62 Grigory Rasputin, 1869–1916............................................................101 Liberals ................................................................................63 Alexandra Feodorovna Romanov, 1872–1918 ................................102 St Petersburg soviet ...........................................................63 The February Revolution...........................................................103 SECTION A: CAUSES OF REVOLUTION 1 The October Manifesto ...............................................................64 February Revolution timeline ..........................................104 From Revolution to Reform ........................................................66 Chapter 5 Review ......................................................................109 Overview ........................................................................................1 Base and Superstructure ....................................................32 Liberals ................................................................................66 Timeline .........................................................................................2 Marxist Basics .........................................................................................33 Peasants ..............................................................................66 Chapter 6: The Dual Authority (March–October 1917) ...... 110 Russian Marxism: Social Democratic Labour Party ...................35 Workers, revolutionaries and the soviet ...........................66 Power and Authority ................................................................112 Chapter 1: Imperial Russia (1855–1896) ...................................6 A vanguard party ................................................................35 Significance of 1905 ...........................................................67 Soviet Order No. 1 .............................................................112 The Land and its People ................................................................8 Bolsheviks and Mensheviks ........................................................36 Chapter 3 Review ........................................................................69 Lenin’s Return to Russia ............................................................115 Geography ............................................................................. 8 The Who’s Who of Russian Marxism ..................................................38 The Finland Station ...........................................................116 The April Theses ................................................................116 Population ............................................................................. 9 Marxism-Leninism .......................................................................38 Chapter 4: Repression and Reform (1906–1914) .................. 70 Nationalities and Russification ............................................ 9 Democratic centralism .......................................................38 Limitations of the Dumas ...........................................................72 War and the April Crisis ............................................................119 Social Classes ...............................................................................11 From theory to practice ......................................................39 The Fundamental Laws .......................................................73 Revolutionary Defencism .................................................119 Peasants ..............................................................................11 Imperialism: the highest stage of capitalism ...................39 First Duma, April–July 1906 ...............................................74 Declaration of war aims ...................................................120 Working class.......................................................................13 The state and revolution ....................................................40 Second Duma, February–June 1907 .................................75 Miliukov’s note .................................................................121 Commercial and professional middle classes ....................13 Marxism-Leninism Basics ......................................................................40 Third Duma, November 1907–June 1912 ..........................76 The April Crisis ..................................................................121 Fourth Duma, November 1912–August 1914 ...................77 Coalition government ......................................................122 The upper and ruling classes ..............................................13 The Populist Tradition .................................................................40 Irakli Tsereteli, 1881–1960 .................................................................123 The Tsarist Regime ......................................................................15 Socialist revolutionaries ....................................................41 Stolypin: Reaction and Reform...................................................78 Martial law ..........................................................................78 The June Offensive ....................................................................123 State council ........................................................................15 Liberals and Reformist Opposition ...........................................42 Land reform .........................................................................78 Persuader-in-Chief ............................................................124 Committee of Ministers ......................................................15 Octobrists ............................................................................43 Impact of Stolypin’s reforms .............................................79 The offensive begins .........................................................124 Institutional weaknesses ....................................................16 Kadets ..................................................................................43 Civil service .........................................................................16 Pyotr Stolypin, 1862–1911 ...................................................................80 German counter-offensive ...............................................124 Chapter 2 Review ........................................................................45 Provincial governments and zemstvos ..............................17 Chapter 4 Review ........................................................................81 The July Days .............................................................................125 Russian Orthodox Church ...................................................17 Chapter 3: A Crisis of Modernisation (1904–1905) .............. 46 Workers and soldiers protest ...........................................126 Chapter 5: War and Revolution (1914–1917) ........................ 82 Military ................................................................................18 Modernisation and Industrialisation .........................................48 Chernov confronts the crowd ..........................................127 Causes of World War I .................................................................84 Police and Okhrana .............................................................18 The Great Spurt ...................................................................48 The protests disperse .......................................................128 Famine Crisis ................................................................................19 Trans-Siberian Railway .......................................................48 Initial Responses to War .............................................................85