Death on the Move Death on the Move: Managing Narratives, Silences and Constraints in a Trans-National Perspective Edited by Philip J. Havik, José Mapril and Clara Saraiva Death on the Move: Managing Narratives, Silences and Constraints in a Trans-National Perspective Edited by Philip J. Havik, José Mapril and Clara Saraiva This book first published 2018 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2018 by Philip J. Havik, José Mapril, Clara Saraiva and contributors All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-0757-2 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-0757-9 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations ................................................................................. x List of Tables ........................................................................................ xi Foreword ............................................................................................. xiii Editors’ Note ...................................................................................... xxii Introduction ............................................................................................ 1 Philip J. Havik, José Mapril and Clara Saraiva Part I—Death: Theories in Motion Chapter One ......................................................................................... 12 Death and What Comes After: Immobilising the Dead and Migration Maurice Bloch The Transcendental and the Transactional ........................................... 12 The Organic, the Inorganic and the Immovable ................................... 14 Decomposing Bodies and Permanent Places ....................................... 17 Migration Abroad ................................................................................ 20 Chapter Two ........................................................................................ 24 Missing Bodies and Belonging in Manjaco: Or the Past and Future of some Funeral Customs in the Context of Cosmopolitanism Eric Gable Introduction .......................................................................................... 24 Shameful Suicides ................................................................................ 26 Remittances .......................................................................................... 28 Death as Remittance ............................................................................ 30 Concluding Remarks ............................................................................ 33 vi Table of Contents Chapter Three ...................................................................................... 36 Death that Moves: A Theoretical Approach to Death and the Possible Implications in Transnational Settings Anastasios Panagiotopoulos Death and Anthropology ...................................................................... 36 The Dead in Cuba ................................................................................ 41 Death and Migration: or “death-and-migration” .................................. 47 Part II—Transnational Circulation of Bodies, Spirits and Rituals Chapter Four ........................................................................................ 56 “Fallen Leaves Return to Their Roots”: The Invisibility of Death and the Idea of ‘Home’ in the Burial Politics of Chinese Migration Irene Rodrigues Introduction .......................................................................................... 56 Statistical Trifles and a very Coolie Urban Myth ................................ 57 A Public Funeral and a Private Death: Strengths and Possibilities ...... 63 Creating Roots and the Idea of ‘Home’ in Chinese Migration ............. 68 Chapter Five ......................................................................................... 74 Diversities within Cemeteries: The Otherness in the Expressions of the Funerary Heritage in Spain Sol Tarrés, Ariadna Solé and Jordi Moreras Introduction: Where to Bury “the Other Dead”? ................................. 75 The Place of the “Other Deceased” in History ..................................... 78 The Experience of Ordinance .............................................................. 83 The English Cemetery in Malaga ......................................................... 83 The Muslim Cemetery in Barcia (Asturias) ......................................... 86 The Hebrew Tombs in the Cemetery of Sant Andreu de Palomar (Barcelona) ..................................................................................... 90 Conclusions: When There is no Place for the “Other Deceased” ........ 94 Chapter Six .......................................................................................... 98 Person, Death and Gender between Lisbon and Dhaka José Mapril Introduction .......................................................................................... 98 A History of Bangladeshis in Portugal .............................................. 102 The Dithidar-bari ............................................................................... 104 Places of Relatedness ......................................................................... 107 Living Widowhood Transnationally .................................................. 110 Conclusions ........................................................................................ 112 Death on the Move vii Part III—Migration, Morbidity, Mortality and Public Health Chapter Seven .................................................................................... 118 Transnational Death Survey: A Focus on Death Related Attitudes Violeta Alarcão, Elisa Lopes, Filipe Leão Miranda and Sofia Ribeiro Introduction ........................................................................................ 118 Methods ............................................................................................. 120 Results ................................................................................................ 122 Conclusions ........................................................................................ 130 Appendix ............................................................................................ 135 Chapter Eight ..................................................................................... 139 Health Services and Attitudes Towards End of Life Care and Death: A Multi-ethnic, Cross-sectional Survey Sónia Dias, Ana Gama, Ana Tavares and Violeta Alarcão Introduction ........................................................................................ 139 Methods ............................................................................................. 141 Results ................................................................................................ 142 Conclusions ........................................................................................ 156 Appendix ............................................................................................ 164 Chapter Nine ...................................................................................... 169 Mental Health, Morbidity and Mortality of African Immigrant Communities in Portugal: Implications for Primary Care Philip J. Havik Introduction ........................................................................................ 169 Immigrant Communities, Mental Illness and Public Health in Portugal .................................................................................... 172 Migrants’ and Practitioners’ Perceptions ........................................... 178 Final Considerations .......................................................................... 188 Part IV—“Placing the Dead” and the Locations of Death Chapter Ten........................................................................................ 202 A Few Lost Boxes on the Highway: On the Move with Friendship, Death and National Cultures António Medeiros Friends ............................................................................................... 202 Some Traps in the Highway, Flows of Culture and Stories from Ribadavia...................................................................................... 204 Which “Country” of the Blessed Souls? ............................................ 207 viii Table of Contents (Still) Domesticated Monuments to the Dead .................................... 212 Conclusions ........................................................................................ 214 Chapter Eleven ................................................................................... 218 “Waiting for the Reunion”: Death, Dying, Cremation and Cape Verdean Notions of Belonging in Greater Lisbon Max Ruben Ramos Introduction ........................................................................................ 218 The Cape Verdeans in Portugal: A Brief Overview ........................... 219 Death, Repatriation and Cremation among Cape Verdeans in Portugal .................................................................................... 221 The Nazarenes in Portugal ................................................................. 222 Waiting