Marine Botany Final 2014 Name:_______________________ 1. Compare and Contrast the following items (20pts): a) Bangiophyceae & Florideophyceae b) Carageenan & Alginates c) Lacunae & Aerenchyma d) Primary & Secondary Pit Plugs e) Trichogyne &. Connecting (ooblast) filament 1 Marine Botany Final 2014 Name:_______________________ 2. WRITE AS MANY Gro ups as apply: Rhodophyta, Haptophyta, Diatoms, Dinophyta, Cyanophyta, or all of the above (20pts) a. Cell wall of calcium carbonate__________________________________________________________ b. Harvested for agar____________________________________________________________________ c. Group Alveolates_____________________________________________________________________ d. Group P la ntae________________________________________________________________________ e. Chloroplast has 3 membranes ___________________________________________________________ f. Uses sugar as a storage product___________________________________________________________ g. Phycobilins___ _______________________________________________________________________ h. Chlorophyll A ________________________________________________________________________ i. Can fix nitrogen_______________________________________________________________________ j. Makes seafoam ______________________________________________________________________ 3. Match the following Classes, Orders or genera to the appropriate characteristic or term. Each term will be used only once (10 pts) Bangiales _______ A. hybrid is invasive in SanFrancisco Bay Rhizopora _______ B. filamentous specialized structures Spartina _______ C. stilt roots Porphyridales _______ D. over millions of years becomes petroleum Dinophyta _______ E. carpogonium divides to form carpospores, No gonimoblast Emiliana ______ F. found in sloth hair Bacillariophyceae _______ G. filamentous, no specialized structures Nostocales _______ H. produces Dimethylsulfide Ceramiales ______ I. auxiliary cell develops after fertilization Oscillatoriales _______ J. zooxanthella 2 Marine Botany Final 2014 Name:_______________________ 4. Define the terms AND name a group (taxonomic level of your choice) that has that trait or form. (30 pts) a) Facultative halophyte- b) Polyploidy- c) Vivip ar y- d) Coccoliths- e) Heterocyst- f) Xanthophyll peridinin: - g) Pericarp- h) Lenticle- i) .Rhodolith- j) Sie ve p la tes- 3 Marine Botany Final 2014 Name:_______________________ 5. Post-fertilization events determine much of the taxonomy of Florideophycean reds (= Subclass Florideophycidae). The following series of figures depict what happens before and after fertilization in one of these groups (10pts) Name the structures identified below: a. _____________________________ e ._________________________________ b. _____________________________ f.__________________________________ c. _____________________________ h. __________________________________ d. ____________________________ b. c. h C a. e. S A f. d. What will be released from f ? __________________________ What Order is this cartoon species? _____________________________ (and your choices are…. Nemaliales, Rhodymeniales, Ceramiales, Gigartinales, or Corallinales) 6.Readings (8pts). a. In the paper by Thornber, Tissue Type Matters: Selective Herbivory on Different Life History Stages of an Isomorphic algae. What alga was studied? What were the results of the feeding trials? How did this relate to field surveys? 4 Marine Botany Final 2014 Name:_______________________ b. In the paper by Searles, The strategy of the Red algae Life History. What are some potential advantages of having a triphasic life history and why it is thought that red algae have evolved this trait? 7. Please label the following life history diagram. For each line, fill in the na me of the thallus or spore shown and its ploidy (N or 2N). For each squa re , fill in mitosis (Mt) or meiosis (Me). (22 pts) What type of Life History is depicted? ________ ______________________________ Name any genus (that we have discussed in class) that has this type of Life History__________________ 5 Marine Botany Final 2014 Name:_______________________ 8. Create a dichotomous key to separate the following genera. Bangia, , Spirulina, Pseudo- Nitzschia, Noctiluca, Phyllospadix,& Microcladia. You may not use taxonomic na me s of divisions, classes, or orders, but should instead use characteristics of the divisions, classes, orders or genera. (18 pts) 9.Short Ans wer (20 pts) a. What are two challenges that mangroves face and two potential adaptations to dealing with these challenges? 6 Marine Botany Final 2014 Name:_______________________ b. Why is it difficult for one organism to photosynthesize AND to fix nitrogen? Describe t wo different ways that species in the Division Cyanophyta get around this problem. c. Name 3 reasons why seagrass beds and mangrove forests are important ecologically? What are 2 factors leading toward the decline of these habitats? d.What is Blue Carbon? Why is conservation of ecosystems important in relation to Blue Carbon? e. Name 3 ecological roles of salt marshes? 7 Marine Botany Final 2014 Name:_______________________ 10. Guest Lectures (20pts) a. Brent Hughes: Where did kelps evolve? How do we know this? What are the two theories of how kelp crossed the equator? b. Brent Hughes: How do sea otters impact seagrass? c. Laura Anderson: Name 1 benefit to being an epiphyte and one cost of being a host. Was there a difference in drag to the host plants with and without epiphytes? How did she test this? How did she determine the difference in flow for the epiphyte? d.Angela Quiros: For seagrass conservation ,explain the advantages and disadvantages of terrestrial verses marine protected areas? What physical factors did she think was driving this pattern? 8 Marine Botany Final 2014 Name:_______________________ e. Kristen Heady:What were biogeographic intertidal patterns correlated with along the temperate pacific coast of North America? Within the channel island what were driving diversity patterns? 11. Presentations (12pts): If you we re not present for both days of the presentation please answer the following questions. a) Population ecology of the invasive kelp Undaria pinnatifida in California: environmental and biological controls on demography… Question: What is the major environmental factor that influences the recruitment of the invasive kelp, Undaria pinnatifida? b) Land-to-sea connectivity:linking human-derived terrestrial subsides to subtidal habitat change on open rocky coasts… Question: How do the dynamics of a coastal ecosystem change when the disparity in resource availability between terrestrial and aquatic systems is increased? c) Rhodolith bed: a newly discovered habitat in the North Pacific…What are the major differences between the known Atlantic beds and the Newly-found pacific Rhodolith Beds? d) Physiological snapshots reflect ecological performance of the sea palm, Postelsia palmaeformis (Phaeophyceae) across intertidal elevation and exposure gradients… Question: What are the biotic and abiotic factors that are most likely to contribute to Postelsia palmaeformis distribution? 9 Marine Botany Final 2014 Name:_______________________ 10 .