Detailed Project Report on INO Site Volume – I December - 2010 Prepared by Projects Development wing Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Ltd., (Successor entity of Tamil Nadu Electricity Board) Chennai – 600 002. This page intentionally left blank INDIA–BASED NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY PROJECT (Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India) Bodi West Hills/Pottipuram village Theni District, Tamil Nadu DETAILED PROJECT REPORT ON INO SITE VOLUME – I December 2010 Prepared by Projects Development wing Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Ltd., (Successor entity of Tamil Nadu Electricity Board) Chennai – 600 002. This page intentionally left blank INDEX Chapter Title Page List of Figures .................................................................................................................................. vi List of Drawings .............................................................................................................................. vii List of Line Drawings..................................................................................................................... viii Synopsis............................................................................................................................................. x DPR preparation team ................................................................................................................... xiii PART I General .............................................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER – 1 .............................................................................................................................. 1 INDIA-BASED NEUTRINO OBSERVATORY – INTRODUCTION .................................. 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Neutrinos ................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Detection of Neutrinos .............................................................................................. 2 1.4 Underground Laboratory .......................................................................................... 3 1.5 ICAL Detector .......................................................................................................... 3 1.6 A vision for INO and the challenge .......................................................................... 4 1.7 INO in India .............................................................................................................. 5 1.8 Joint funding ............................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER – 2 .............................................................................................................................. 8 PROJECT SITE SELECTION – POTTIPURAM IN THENI DISTRICT .............................. 8 2.1 Site selection criteria ................................................................................................. 8 2.2 Sites identified for INO Project .............................................................................. 10 2.3 Relative site studies of Singara, Suruliyar, Pottipuram & Kottagudi ..................... 11 2.4 Pottipuram site selection ......................................................................................... 12 2.5 Alternative alignments for Access tunnel considered ............................................. 12 2.6 Subsequent detailed site study ................................................................................ 16 CHAPTER – 3 ............................................................................................................................ 21 THENI DISTRICT - DETAILS.............................................................................................. 21 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 21 3.2 Social aspects .......................................................................................................... 21 3.3 Economy ................................................................................................................. 24 3.4 Madurai–Nearest city – Cultural Capital of Tamil Nadu........................................ 24 CHAPTER – 4 ............................................................................................................................ 26 POTTIPURAM SITE – INFRASTRUCTURE DETAILS..................................................... 26 4.1 Location .................................................................................................................. 26 4.2 Approach to site ...................................................................................................... 26 4.3 Infrastructure facilities ............................................................................................ 27 4.4 Other site advantages .............................................................................................. 29 CHAPTER – 5 ............................................................................................................................ 34 LAND AVAILABILITY AND REQUIREMENTS .............................................................. 34 5.1 Project components ................................................................................................. 34 5.2 Land availability/ requirement ................................................................................ 35 (i) Index CHAPTER - 6 ............................................................................................................................. 37 CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL SURVEY ........................................................................... 37 6.1 Lead – main aspect.................................................................................................. 37 6.2 Cement and Steel .................................................................................................... 37 6.3 Blue granite metal ................................................................................................... 37 6.4 River sand ............................................................................................................... 37 6.5 Bricks and concrete blocks ..................................................................................... 37 6.6 Aluminium glazed windows/Particle Board shutters .............................................. 37 6.7 Explosives ............................................................................................................... 38 6.8 Tunnel muck ........................................................................................................... 38 6.9 Diesel/Lubricant Oil................................................................................................ 38 6.10 Other construction materials ................................................................................... 38 CHAPTER - 7 ............................................................................................................................. 39 PROJECT PRE-DEVELOPMENT AND ENABLING WORKS .......................................... 39 7.1 Project pre-development works .............................................................................. 39 7.2 Project enabling works for surface facilities ........................................................... 40 PART II Site Survey and Geo-Technical Investigation............................................................. 43 CHAPTER - 8 ............................................................................................................................. 43 DETAILED SITE SURVEY & INVESTIGATION .............................................................. 43 8.1 Detailed site survey ................................................................................................. 43 CHAPTER – 9 ............................................................................................................................ 51 GEO-TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION ................................................................................ 51 9.1 Access tunnel in Bodi west hills-Geo-technical investigation ................................ 51 9.2 Bore holes ............................................................................................................... 51 9.2 Rock profile ............................................................................................................ 53 PART III Technical – Civil Works ............................................................................................. 56 CHAPTER - 10 ........................................................................................................................... 56 UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY .................................................. 56 10.1 Tunnels .................................................................................................................... 56 10.2 Sequence of operations for construction of tunnel ................................................. 57 10.3 Precautions during tunneling .................................................................................. 57 10.4 Tunnel blasting design ...........................................................................................