EDITOR MARCELLOTRUZZI Wetic floor ASSOCIATE EDITORS JOURNALOF THE CENTERFOR SCIENTIFIC RAY HYMAN ANOMALIESRESEARCH KSAR) PAT TRUZZI RON WESTRUM SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF CLAIMS OF CONSULTING EDITORS AN~AUIES AND THE PARANO~AL JAMES E, ALCOCK THEODORE X, BARBER MIL~OURNE CHRISTOPHER HARRY COLLINS WILLIAY R, CORLISS RICHARD DE MILLE PERSI CIIACONIS MARTIN EBON ROBERT GALBREATH MICHEL GAUQUELIN C,E,M, HANSEL BERNARD HEUVELMANS ELLIC HOWE J, ALLEN HYNEK DAVID M, JACOBS JOSEPH G, JORGENSEN SEYMOUR MAUSKOPF EDWARD J, MOODY ROBERT L, MORRIS WILLIAM NAGLER ISSUENUMBER 9 JOHN PALMER JAMES RANDI* MARCH1982 CHARLES T. TART ROY WALLIS Copyright @ 1982 by Marcello Truzzi * New appotieti ZETETIC SCHOLAR is published by Marcello Truzzi and is the official journal of the Center for Scientific Anomalies Research. The opinions expressed in this journal do not necessarfly represent those of the Center. All correspondence, including manuscripts, letters, books for review, and subscription and editorial inquiries should be addressed to: The Editor, ZETETIC SCHOLAR, Dept. of Sociology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197 (USA). SUBSCRIPTIONS: Zetetic Scholar is published irregularly but approximately twice per year. Subscriptions are for two issues, and rates are: indfviduals (USA and Canada), $lZ('U.S:). Libraries, institutions, and foreign, $18 (U.S.) by surface mail and $28 airmail. No foreign currency or non- U.S. bank checks, please, due to prohibitive service charges. New sub- scriptions begin with the current issue (when available). Individual back issues are $8 ($10 for foreign countries). Out of stock issues can be made available in reduced-Xerox copies for $8 ($10 foreign). Double issue #3/4 in reduced-Xerox is $12 ($14 foreign). CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Six weeks advance notice and old address as well as new are necessary for change of subscriber's address. CONTENTS ;;;“,;R,;,, ARTICLES JEFF SOBAL AND CHARLES F. EMMONS Patterns of Belief in Religious, Psychic and Other Paranormal Phenomena . ..*.......... 7 PIET HEIN HOEBENS Mystery Men from Holland, II: The Strange Case of Gerard Crdiset (A CSAR Special Pnojeotd Repoti)........... 20 MICHAEL MARTIN Defining "UFO" . ..*............... 84 MICHAEL HARRISON Reflections on the Role of Hyperosmia in ESP: Some Personal Observations (A Viewpoiti a&y)................ 98 NEW ZS PTALOGUE Introduction to TResearch on the Mars Effect" (M.TRUZZI)................ 33 PATRICK CURRY Research on the Mars Effect . 34 Critical Corrnnertaries By: MICHEL GAUQUELIN.......... 54 PIET HEIN HOEBENS....... 70 HANS 3. EYSENCK . .LUC DE MARRC........... 71 H, KRIPS . ii J. DOMMANGET,........... 73 I.J. GOOD................. 65 GAWQUELIN replies..... 75 PATRICK’ CURRY Replies to His Comentators . 78 CONTTNUlNG ZS VlAL0GUE-S Comments on J. Richard Greenwell re UFOs by: RICHARD DE MILLE ..,...............*............................. 96 GEQRGE 0, ABELL . ..*..................................... 96 J. "ALLEN HHNEK . 97 REGULAR ZS FEATURES EDITORIAL . 3 LETTERS: MALCOLM DEAN * IVAN W. KELLY . 90 RANDOM BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE OCCULT AND THE PARANORMAL . ...*- 68 BOOK REV1 EWS John Hasted's METAL BENPERS (Harry Collins)..................... 108 Books Briefly Noted (M, TRUZZI) . ..*.......... 110 ERRATA 0,.......................................*........................ 20 ON CSAR . 6 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE .*.................................. 2 ANOMALY NEWSFRONT =******.*.***~.=.*..........................*,..... 97 ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS ISSUE: GEORGE 0. ABELL is a Professor of Astronomy at the University of California at Los Angeles. HARRY COLLINS is a Lecturer in Sociology in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences at the University of Bath. PATRICK CURRY is a philosopher of science with special interest in the history of astrology, and he now resides in London. MALCOLM DEAN is a science writer and the author of The Astrology Game. He resides in Toronto. LUC DE MARRl?is an academic in Antwerp, Belgium, and a former member of the Comite' Para. RICHARD DE MILLE is a psychologist and author whose most recent book is The Don Juan Papers: Further Castaneda Controversies. J. DOMMANGET.._-. is.- an astronomer and President of the ComitQBelge pour 1’Investigation Scientifique des Ph&om%nes &put&s Paranormaux. CHARLES F. EMMONS is an Associate Professor of Sociology at Gettysburg College and author of Chinese Ghosts and ESP: A Sttidy of Paranormal Beliefs and Experiences. HANS J. EYSENCK is a Professor of Psychology at the University_m.. of^ A.London , and the co-author of Astrology--Science or Superstltion7 yin press). MICHEL GAU UELIN is a psychologist and the Director of the Laboratoire d' 2 tude des Relations entre Rythmes Cosmiques et Psychophysiologioues in Paris. I.J. GOOD is the University Distinguished Professor of Statistics at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. MICHAEL HARRISON is a writer,residing in Hove, Sussex, England, and the author of many books i‘ncludi‘ng Fire From Heaven: A Study of Spontaneous Combustion. PIET HEIN HOEBENS is a journalist and editorial writer for De Telegraaf in Amsterdam, Holland, and is a frequent wirter on parapsychology, J. ALLEN HYNEK is Professor Emeritus in Astronomy at Northwestern University and Director of the Center for UFO Studies. IVAN W. KELLY is an Assistant Professor of Educational Psychology at the University of Saskatchewan, HENRY KRIPS is a Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Melbourne. MICHAEL MARTIN is Professor of Philosophy at Boston University whose many works include his co-edited Probability, Confirmation, and Simplicity. JEFF SOBAL is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, MARCELLO TRUZZI is a Professor of Sociology and Sociology Department Head at Eastern Michigan University. This issue begins the first publication of ZETETIC SCHOLAR as the official journal of the Center for Scientific Anoma- lies Research (CSAR). In part because ZS has gotten off of L its schedule and thereseemslittle point in trying to catch ) up, but mainly because the character of the dialogues we are trying to bring you make a rigid schedule difficult, ZS will now formally move to an irregular schedule. We will try to bring ZS out at least twice per year, and subscriptions will still con- sist of two issues, but issues will now simply be numbered and come out as content and conditions best warrant. Thus, there should be two issues coming out this year(lX?Z),but there was only one issue (#8) published during 1981 (though #7, dated Dec. 1980, actually reached most readers in 1981. All this should be of little concern for our individual subscriber-readers, but it is important that we mention this for the benefit of our library subscribers who need to catalog our journal. *************** SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE CSICOP/MARS-EFFECT CONTROVERSY: A PERSONAL VIEW This issue of ZS includes an important dialogue on the controversy around the Mars Effect experiments sponsored by the Committee for the Scientific In- vestigation of Claims of the Paranormal (CSICOP). What follows reflects only the views of myself, and should not be taken as the viewpoint of any of ZS's Associate or Consulting Editors or as the view of any Senior Cansugtants to CSAR. Some of them might wish to express their disagreement in a future issue of ZS. After I resigned from CSICOP overphiloso?hical differences (I had been a founder, co-chairman, and editor for its journal, then THE ZETETIC), I found myself in an awkward position. I still hoped that CSICOP might be able to live up to its stated goals which included avoidance of prejudgement and objective and impartial inquiry. I still consider myself a skeptic and respect many of the individuals connected\,with CSICOP, many o;f whose views really differ little from my own. Rather than publicly challenge CSICOP over my differences with its leadership, and perhaps create a schism (though some nonetheless accused me of that at the time I resigned), I chose what I thought a more constructive direction. I founded ZS (and now CSAR) to bring together those in CSICOP and those involved with scientific research programs advocating claims of the paranormal. This was to produce a "third force" which might complement rather than compete with either side. In short, I tried to bring together representatives("lawyers") from all sides who shared a common concern with scientific rules of evidence and argument. For the most part, this has been successful ,and today ZS and CSAR have received support from significant advocates from all sides. Unfortunately, CSICOP leadership continues to publicize CSICOP as being more than mere advocates for the dominant scientific viewpoint which rejects claims of the paranormal. Much of CSICOP’s publicity emphasizes its desire to protect the public from "i rrational i ty” and “pseudoscience,” and speaks of these as dark forces that could subvert the progress of civilization. Though I consider that position to be naive philosophically, sociologically, and historically, and one reflecting a zeal and prejudice imcompatible with impartial and objective research, such advocacy_ can be an important counter-balancing force for advocacy by proponents of the paranormal. We need good "lawyers" on all sides of the issues involved. But, alas, much of CSICOP’s publicity goes well beyond advertising CSICOP as a group of responsible and skilled advocates against claims of the paranormal. That advertising presents CSICOP as an impartial