Avondale College ResearchOnline@Avondale Theses Masters Research Theses 12-2015 An Evaluation of the Traditional SDA Understanding of the Identity of 'The Rest of Her Seed' in Revelation 12:17 Mark Allen Turner Avondale College of Higher Education, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://research.avondale.edu.au/theses_masters_research Part of the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Turner, M. (2015). An evaluation of the traditional SDA understanding of the identity of 'The Rest of Her Seed' in Revelation 12:17 (Master's thesis, Avondale College of Higher Education, Cooranbong, Australia). Retrieved from https://research.avondale.edu.au/theses_masters_research/17/ This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at ResearchOnline@Avondale. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses Masters Research by an authorized administrator of ResearchOnline@Avondale. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Avondale College of Higher Education AN EVALUATION OF THE TRADITIONAL SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST UNDERSTANDING OF THE IDENTITY OF ‘THE REST OF HER SEED’ IN REVELATION 12:17 Mark Turner BA (Massey University, NZ), Grad. Dip. Theology (Avondale) Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Philosophy December 2015 2 Statement of Original Authorship I declare that the work contained in this thesis has not been submitted previously for a degree or diploma at this institution, an Australian or overseas university or any other institution of higher education. To the best of my knowledge and belief, this thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made. Signed _________________________________ Date _______________________ Statement of Copyright I grant to Avondale College the rights to archive in the College library, and to make available my thesis in whole or in part for study now and in the future. I retain all propriety rights. I also retain the right to use in future works all or part of this thesis. Signed _________________________________ Date ________________________ 3 ABSTRACT Seventh-day Adventist scholars have long identified the ‘rest of her seed’ of Revelation 12:17 with the Seventh-day Adventist Church. This identification is based on the understanding that ‘the rest of her seed’ are an ‘end-time remnant’ that appears in history after AD 1798, keeps the seventh-day Sabbath and possesses the prophetic gift. This study has two aims: (1) to undertake an objective contextual examination of the identity of ‘the rest of her seed’; and (2) to evaluate the assertion made by Seventh-day Adventists that their movement is to be identified with ‘the rest of her seed’. In Chapter One the traditional Seventh-day Adventist understanding of ‘the rest of her seed is examined and the four theological premises upon which the Seventh-day Adventist Church has made its assertion are identified and articulated. In Chapter Two consideration is given to five key contextual features that make possible a sound identification of ‘the rest of her seed’. It is argued that ‘the rest of her seed’ are believers from the entire Christian era who are faithful to the Old and New Testament Scriptures, identified elsewhere in Revelation as ‘the saints.’ In Chapter Three the four theological premises upon which the Seventh-day Adventist Church has made its assertion are examined. It is shown that these premises are not supported by the context, and therefore that ‘the rest of her seed’ in Revelation 12:17 cannot be limited in its meaning to a reference to the Seventh-day Adventist movement. This study concludes with a discussion of the implications of these conclusions for both Seventh-day Adventist self-understanding, and the Seventh-day Adventist understanding of Revelation. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 6 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................................ 6 Outline of the Study ............................................................................................................. 7 Limitations of the Study ...................................................................................................... 8 The Remnant ..................................................................................................................... 8 The 1260 Days .................................................................................................................. 8 Ellen G White’s Prophetic Gift ......................................................................................... 9 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER ONE—THE TRADITIONAL SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST UNDERSTANDING OF ‘THE REST OF HER SEED’ ........................................ 12 Historical Development of the Traditional Seventh-day Adventist Understanding .... 12 Early Seventh-day Adventist Pioneers ............................................................................ 12 Uriah Smith ..................................................................................................................... 13 SDA Bible Commentary and Questions on Doctrine ...................................................... 14 The Statement of Fundamental Beliefs ........................................................................... 15 The Daniel and Revelation Committee (DARCOM) and the Biblical Research Institute (BRI) ................................................................................................................................ 16 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 19 Theological Basis for the Traditional Seventh-day Adventist Understanding ............ 20 The Term Loipo,j Evokes the Old Testament Concept of a Saved ‘Remnant’ ............... 23 The ‘Rest of Her Seed’ Appear in History After the 1260 Day Period .......................... 26 The ‘Commandments of God’ Identify This Group as a Sabbath Keeping People ........ 28 The ‘Testimony of Jesus’ is a Reference to the Prophetic Gift ....................................... 28 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 31 CHAPTER TWO—A CONTEXTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF ‘THE REST OF HER SEED’ ................................................................................................................ 34 Revelation 12:17–18 ....................................................................................................... 34 Translation & Textual Consideration .............................................................................. 35 Literary Context .............................................................................................................. 35 Structure of Revelation 12 ............................................................................................... 37 Identifying ‘The Rest of Her Seed’ .................................................................................. 38 The Identity of the Woman ............................................................................................. 39 The Identity of Her Seed ................................................................................................. 41 The Identity of the Rest of Her Seed ............................................................................... 42 1. They are Children of the Woman and Siblings of the Male Child ............................ 42 Who is My mother and who are My brothers? ................................................................ 43 2. They are Distinguished From the Male Child by the Term Loipo,j ........................ 45 Loipo,j in the New Testament ......................................................................................... 45 Loipo,j in Revelation ....................................................................................................... 46 Loipo,j in Revelation 12:17 ............................................................................................. 49 5 3. They Keep the Commandments of God and Hold Fast to the Testimony of Jesus. 51 The Commandments of God ........................................................................................... 55 The Word of God ............................................................................................................ 58 The Testimony of Jesus ................................................................................................... 59 The Faith of Jesus ............................................................................................................ 60 4. They Parallel ‘The Saints’ of Revelation 13:7 ............................................................. 65 Revelation 13:7 is Linked Verbally to 12:17 .................................................................. 66 Daniel 7 Links Revelation 13:7 with Revelation 12:17 .................................................. 67 5. They are Attacked During the 1260 Days that the Woman is in the Wilderness .... 69 The Dragon’s