NOTES AND REFERENCES* CHAPTER I I. Evans-Pritchard (I956)pp. 84-5. 2. M. Douglas (I966)p. 39· 3· S. Cohen (I973a)passim. 4· Simmons (I969) p. 3· 5· Haug and Sussman (1969). 6. Spender (1953)pp. 33-4· 7. But see Chapter 6. 8. L. Taylor (1971) provides a good introductory text. 9· Bannister ( 1968) p. 181. 10. Gonldner (1971) p. 29. II. Ibid. p. 31. I2. Ibid. p. 31. I3. For a discussion of this problem in relation to skid-row alcoholics, see Archard (1973). I4. Barthes (I973) pp. I5-25. I5. Particularly, Freud (1961); Durkheim (1952; 1964); Skinner (I973). I6. Taft (1942) P· 240. I7. Bonger (1969). For a critical account of Bonger's version of a Marxist criminology, see Taylor, Walton and Young (1973) ch. 7· IS. Empson (1966) p. 20. 19. Goodman (1960) p. II. 20. Ibid. p. II. 21. Bastide (1972) p. 9· 22. Ibid. pp. 9, 12. 23. Debout-Oleszkiewicz (I972) p. 73· CHAPTER 2 I. Platt (I969) pp. 44-5. 2. Piedmont and Downey (197I). 3· Laing (I967) pp. 39-48. * Full bibliographical details for titles cited in Notes and References are given, in alphabetical order, in the Bibliography, pp. 232-52. 2.12. NOTES AND REFERENCES TO PAGES 5-31 4· Laing, Phillipson and Lee ( I966); Laing ( I96I; I969a and b; I970). 5· Wynne et at. (I958); Bateson et at. (I956); Jackson (I968); Lidz et al. (I965); Ruesch and Bateson (I95I); Watzlawick et at. (I968). 6. Schaffer et at. ( I97I); Searles ( I965) p. 258. 7· Speck and Attneave (I973); Speck (I967a and b). 8. Pearson (I97¥). 9· Laing and Esterson (I964, I97o); Esterson (I97o). IO. Schatzman (I973). II. Laing (I967) p. I36. I2. Compare H. S. Becker ( I967a). I3. Cooper (I967); M. Barnett (I973); Lilly (I973); W. C. Schutz (I973) p. II. I4· Laing (I968)p. I5. I5. Ibid. pp. I8-I9. I6. Laing (I97I) pp. 78 ff. Compare Fromm (I96o) pp. I59 ff. 17. Sennett (I97I). See also Ratner (I971) pp. 98 ff. I8. LaingandEsterson (I97o)p.12. 19. Laing (I96I) p. ix. 20. Laing (1967) p. 87. 2I. Ibid. p. 95· 22. See Szasz's works listed in the Bibliography, p. 249. 23. Szasz (1973a) pp. 23-4. 24. Szasz (1974) pp. 98-9. 25. Szasz ( 1973b) p. 201. 26. Ibid. PP· 20o-I. 27. Szasz (r963)p 212. 28. Szasz (1974) p. ro. 29. Szasz (1973) pp. 67-8. 30. Szasz (I 965) ch. 6. 31. Szasz (1973b) p. 259. 32. Maddison (1973). 33· Price (r972) pp. 105-6. 34· Szasz (r962)p. 343· 35· Ibid. pp. 343-4· 36. Szasz ( 1965) p. 56. 37· Quoted in Leifer (r969)p. 197. 38. Ibid. p. 197. 39· Szasz (r965) pp. 269-70. This discussion is omitted from the 1971 paperback edition. 40. Ibid. p. 71. 41. Ibid. p. 268. This is also omitted from the 1971 edition. 42. Szasz (1973a)p.139. NOTES AND REFERENCES TO PAGES 31-41 .u; 43· Quoted in Szasz ( r965) p. 19. 44· D. Martin (1972) p. 129. 45· For philosophical discussions on this kind of distinction, see Margolis (r966); Flew (1973); Peters (1958); Szasz (r96r). 46. Ryle (r963). 47· Szasz (r965) pp. 249--50. 48. Goffman (r969) p. 362. 49· Goffman (r968) p. 3!7· 50. Esterson (r97o) p. r86. 51. Laing (r965)p. 23. 52. Esterson (r97o) pp. r85-6. 53· Cooper (r97o) p. r8. 54· Esterson (1970) p. I97· 55· Laing ( 1965) p. 28. 56. Sedgwick (r97r); Friedenberg (1973). 57· Laing and Cooper (1971) pp. 24-5. 58. For example, Jourard (r968); C. R. Rogers (196r); Maslow ( 1973); Bannister and Fransella ( 1971). 59· Matson ( 1968) p. 44· 6o. Quoted in Matson ( 1968) pp. 72-3. 6r. For example, C. R. Rogers ( 1973) pp. 18-19. 62. Perls (1971)p. 32. 63. Matson ( 1968) pp. qr-2. 64. See Mungham and Pearson (1972); Mungham (1974). Some of the written expression of this radicalism can be traced in the periodicals Social Policy, Case Con, Humpty Dumpty, Insurgent Sociologist, Red Rat and The Radical Therapist (now Rough Times). 65. Reich (1972b) p. 66. Also Reich (r972a; 1948). 66. Particularly Marcuse (r972a; 1972b) and Chapter 4 below. 67. Different faces of the 'Freudian Left' are shown in P. A. Robinson (1972); King (1972); Roszak (r97r); Roazen (1968); Brown (1966; 1968); Fromm (196o; 1963). 68. Laing (r967) p. rr. 69. Laing (r965) p. 12. 70. Esterson (r97o) pp. 191, 224-5, 235. And Laing, Phillipson and Lee (1966) pp. 137-40. 71. Schatzman ( 1973) pp. 141-58. 72. Cooper (1967). 73· Laing ( 1968) p. 18. 74· Zilboorg (1935; 1941). 75· Szasz (1973b) p. 27. 76. Ibid. pp. 19-20. 77. Ibid. p. 64. T.D.I.-H 214 NOTES AND REFERENCES TO PAGES 41-51 78. Ibid. pp. 90, 144· 79· Ibid. p. 314· So. Ibid. p. 314. 81. Chesler (1974)p. 33· 82. Szasz (1973b) p. 126. 83. Szasz (1974) p. 77· 84. The approach to the sociology of deviance in J.D. Douglas (1972) is similar. 85. Foucault (1971). 86. Weis (1971) p. 51. 87. Szasz (1973b)p. 129. 88. Leifer (1969)p. 158. 89. Ibid. pp. 171, 18o-x. 90· Szasz (1974) p. 85. 91. See the evidence from a behaviour-modification viewpoint summarised by Bandura (1970) pp. 81 ff., the communications analysis by Haley (1963) and the non-verbal communication studies by Scheflen (1963; 1965). 92. Sedgwick (1972) p. 222. 93· Agel (1971, 1973) and Radical Therapist Collective (1974). 94· Radical Therapist Collective (1974) pp. 7-8. 95· Robinson (1973). 96. See Laing (1972) and Barnes and Berke (1973). 97· M. Barnett (1973). 98. Cage (1968)p. 59· 99· Foucault (1971). 100. E. Becker ( 1964) pp. 9-10. IOI. Ibid. p. 251. 102. Laing (1967) p. 107. 103. For an excellent illustration of conformity and non-conformity as a 'social accomplishment' see Parker (1974). 104. For two critics who take this view, see D. Martin (1972) and Coulter (1973). CHAPTER 3 1. S. Cohen (1974)p. 23. 2. Hirst (1972) p. 29. 3· Schur (1971). 4· Ibid. pp. 128 ff. 5· Erikson (1966). 6. Hirst (1972) p. 54· 7· Pearson (1972, 1974b). 8. For example Schur (x97x, 1973); Box (1971); Rock (1973a); NOTES AND REFERENCES TO PAGES 52.-60 2.15 Taylor, Walton and Young (1973); S. Cohen (1971a); Gibbs (1966). 9· H. S. Becker (1963) pp. 8-9. 10. Lemert (1967) p. v. See also Lemert (1951). II. Kitsuse (1968) pp. 19-20. 12. Erikson (1966) p. 6; and Erikson (1964) p. II. 13. Lemert (1967) p. 17· 14. Genet (1967) p. I45· 15. Matza (1969)p. 8o. x6. Scott (x969a). 17. Ibid. p. 4· I8. Ibid. p. I4. 19. Ibid. p. 121. 20. Ibid. p. 120. Also Scott (1970). 21. Reiss (1964). 22. H. S. Becker (1963) pp. 59-78; and H. S. Becker (1967a). 23. J. Young (1971b)pp. 27-8. 24. Scheff (1966). For an argument which contradicts Scheff, see Gove (1970). 25. Scheff (1968). 26. Balint (1957). 27. Kitsuse and Dietrick ( 1959). 28. Wilkins ( 1964). 29. See Maruyama (1960, 1963); and Wender (1968). 30. Shoham (1970). 31. Sartre (1964) pp. 17ff. The quotation is taken from the abbreviated account in Laing and Cooper (1971) pp. 71-2. 32. Goffman (1968) p. 126; and Schur (1973)p. 23. 33· For example, Sudnow (1965) and Cicourel (1968). 34· Schur (1964) p. 81. For an elaborate research analysis, see Stimson ( 1973). 35· H. S. Becker (1963)pp. 121-63. 36. Platt (1969). 37· H. S. Becker (1963) pp. 147-8 38. Dickson (1968). 39· Musto (1973). 40. Ibid. p. 255. 41. Ibid. p. 7· 42. Ibid. p. 7· 43· Ibid. p. 255. 44· Ibid. p. 255. 45· S. Cohen (1973a). 46. Ibid. p. 192. Compare this with the musical autobiography of the Mod phenomenon by The Who ( 1973). 216 NOTES AND REFERENCES TO PAGES 61-72 47· Piliavin and Briar (196S); Garfinkel and Bittner (1967); D. Chapman (1968). 48. Schur (1973) p. 155. 49· Matza (1969) p. 9· 50. Ibid. p. 25. 51. Ibid. p. 17. 52. Debro (197o)p. r66. 53· Matza (r969)p. 24. 54· H. S. Becker (1963) pp. 41-5S. 55· Taylor, Walton and Young (1973)p. I73· 56. Matza (1964) ch. I. 57· Ibid. P· II. 58. Ibid. p. 22. 59· Ibid. p. 29. 6o. Taylor, Walton and Young (1973) pp. rSo ff. 61. Matza (1969)pp. 1n-q. 62. Ibid. p. IIO. 63. H. S. Becker (1964) p. r. 64. Rock ( 1973a) p. 12. 65. J. Young (1971a)ch. 3· 66. S. Cohen (1971a) pp. 9-24. 67. Taylor, Walton and Young (1973)p. 140. 68. Schur (1973) pp. 135-9. 69. Schur (r97r)pp. n5 ff. 70. Times Literary Supplement (June 1971) p. 633. 71. J.D. Douglas (1970) p. viii. 72. K. Marx (r96r) p. 72. 73· Berger and Pullberg ( 1966) p. 6o. 74· BergerandLuckmann (r97r)p. ro6. 75· Simmons (r969)p. 25. 76. Garfinkel (1967) pp. 37-8. 77· See Goldthorpe (1973) for an intelligent discussion of the matter. 7S. WarrenandJohnson (1972)p.7o. 79· J.D. Douglas (1970) p. 15. So. Ibid. p. 19. Sr. Habermas (1971) pp. 91 ff. S2. Ibid. p. 92. S3. Munday (1972)pp. 3-6. S4. Ibid. p. 4· S5. Becker ( 1967b) p. 241. S6. Matza (r969)p. 17· S7. Gouldner (1971)p. 379· 8S. Ibid. p. 379· 89. Horton (1971) p. 187. NOTES AND REFERENCES TO PAGES 72.-82. 2.17 90. Gouldner (1971)p. 379· 91. Horton (1971)pp. 189, 187. 92. Gouldner (1968)p. IIO. 93· Ibid. p. 104. 94· Ibid. p. 107. 95· Schur (1973); andJ. Young (1971a)ch. 10. 96.