��������� �� �� �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � �������� ����� ���������������������������������� ������������������������������������ ������������������������ �������� ��������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������ ������������������������ ������������������������ ���������������������������� ��������� �� �� �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � �������� Annual Report for Fiscal Year 2007 Thomas A. Schroeder, PhD Director Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research University of Hawaii at Manoa 1000 Pope Road, MSB 312 Honolulu, HI 96822 http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/jimar JIMAR 2007 Annual Report ii Table of Contents Introduction ______________________________________________________________________________v Accomplishments for Fiscal Year 2007 Equatorial Oceanography ___________________________________________________________________1 Tsunami Research _________________________________________________________________________4 Climate Research _________________________________________________________________________7 Tropical Meteorology _____________________________________________________________________17 Fisheries Oceanography ___________________________________________________________________18 Coastal Research ________________________________________________________________________84 JIMAR Senior Fellow Contributions ____________________________________________________________97 JIMAR Scientist Contributions ______________________________________________________________100 Appendices Appendix I List of Acronyms _____________________________________________________________109 Appendix II Visiting Scientists ___________________________________________________________113 Appendix III Workshops and Meetings Hosted by JIMAR _______________________________________117 Appendix IV JIMAR Personnel ____________________________________________________________118 Appendix V 2007 Awards ________________________________________________________________119 Appendix VI Publication Summary _________________________________________________________120 iii JIMAR 2007 Annual Report iv Introduction The Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) is a cooperative enterprise involving the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the University of Hawaii (UH). JIMAR research spans six themes all aligned with the NOAA strategic plan and the Universityʼs Indo-Pacific mission. The relevant themes are equatorial oceanography, tsunamis and other long-period ocean waves, climate, tropical meteorology, fisheries oceanography, and coastal research. The scope of these efforts spans the US affiliated Pacific Islands as well as the broader Pacific and Indian Ocean basins. JIMAR brings together research scientists from NOAA line offices, UH, and the global community to conduct research in the broad interests of NOAA. NOAA line offices collaborating in the JIMAR program include the Environmental Research Laboratories (especially Pacific Marine Environmental Lab [PMEL], Atlantic Oceanic and Meteorological Lab [AOML], and Earth System Research Laboratory [ESRL]), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Weather Service (NWS), National Environmental Satellite and Data Information Thomas Schroeder, Director Service (NESDIS), and National Ocean Service (NOS). JIMAR also supports student development, outreach, and special training programs. JIMAR intends to be the lead agent for all NOAA research in the Indo-Pacific region and to maintain standards of accomplishment expected of the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST) at the UH. Our mission and vision statements are: Mission: To conduct the research necessary to properly understand and predict the changes in the Indo- Pacific environment and to conserve and manage coastal and marine resources in the U.S.-affiliated Pacific Islands with a special emphasis on the Hawaiian Islands, for purposes of meeting the Nationʼs economic, social and environmental needs in these regions. Vision: To support NOAAʼs operational and scientific move into the 21st century while recognizing the special character, vulnerabilities, and the role of the Pacific-islands in demonstrating the link between our planetʼs environment and the global and regional economies. FY 2007 constituted the 30th year of JIMAR. The expansion of fisheries and coastal research related to the development of the Northwest Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument has continued. As stated previously (FY 2006 report) in spite of the uncertainty in our future, we have continued to pursue recommendations of our last review. Our collaborative efforts with Hawaii Sea Grant have evolved and we now are facilitating a new proposal to the NOAA Climate Program Office bringing together economists, planners, and hydrologists as well as JIMAR climate scientists to develop management tools for insular urban water supply in a changed climate. JIMAR scientists have also been major contributors to the recently-funded Hawaii Regional Ocean Observing System project, housed within SOEST. We are considering requests from international agencies to provide tsunami training programs and the Director has worked closely with the University administration on emergency (natural disaster) preparedness and curriculum development. The Director of JIMAR is a regular member of the University of Hawaii faculty and is appointed through joint decisions by leaders of the University and NOAA Research. He reports to an Administrative Board composed of University and NOAA officials. As both NOAA Research and University research ventures have grown, both agencies have delegated more responsibilities to the field. The Director of NOAA Research has delegated most decision-making authority to the Director of PMEL. The University of Hawaii has undergone a cumbersome reorganization revolving around the re-establishment of a Manoa Chancellor. The President of the University has delegated his responsibilities as Chair of the Administrative Board to the Chancellor. The Director manages day-to-day operations through the administrative staff (fully-supported by the Cooperative Agreement and returned indirect cost funds), Program Managers (Pelagic Fisheries Research Program [PFRP]), and faculty PI/Directors (University of Hawaii Sea Level Center [UHSLC]). A Council, elected among the Fellows, advises the Director on major expenditures on visiting scientists as well as selection of new and renewed v JIMAR 2007 Annual Report Fellows. The list of current Fellows and Council members are provided below. In light of the current uncertainty over the future of JIMAR under the recompetition of the Cooperative/Joint Institutes, we have decided to continue all existing Fellows for the next biennium and synchronize the appointment periods which had been allowed to drift with arrivals and departures of individuals and development of new themes. In FY 2007, we made one replacement appointment for a NOAA Fellow. Owing to the long-distance nature of the NOAA/JIMAR relationship, no single meeting of all Fellows is possible. Business of both the Fellows and the Council are done via e-mail and by visits of the Director to NOAA facilities and professional meetings. JIMAR Senior Fellows from NOAA are Dr. Eddie Bernard (PMEL), Dr. Steven Bograd (PFEL), Dr. Richard Brill (NMFS), Dr. Ed Harrison (PMEL), Dr. Gregory Johnson (PMEL), Dr. William Kessler (PMEL), Dr. Frank Marks, Jr. (AOML), Dr. Michael McPhaden (PMEL), Dr. Dennis Moore (PMEL), Dr. Jeffrey Polovina (PIFSC), Dr. Samuel Pooley (PIFSC), Dr. Mark Powell (AOML), and Dr. Frank Schwing (PFEL). JIMAR Senior Fellows from the University of Hawaii are Dr. Gary Barnes, Dr. Steven Businger, Dr. Eric Firing, Dr. Charles Fletcher, III, Dr. Kim Holland, Dr. Roger Lukas, Dr. Douglas Luther , Dr. Julian McCreary, Dr. Mark Merrifield, Dr. Thomas Schroeder, Dr. John Sibert, and Dr. Bin Wang. Visiting Senior Fellows are Dr. Gerald Meehl, Dr. Jagadish Shukla, Dr. Akimasa Sumi, and Dr. Michio Yanai. JIMAR Council Members from NOAA are Dr. Michael McPhaden, Dr. Dennis Moore, and Dr. Jeffrey Polovina. JIMAR Council Members from the University of Hawaii are Dr. Eric Firing , Dr. Julian McCreary, Dr. Thomas Schroeder, and Dr. Bin Wang. JIMARʼs Task I is the base program of JIMAR. It provides research support for the visiting scientist and post- doctoral programs, and the administrative support for the Institute. The University of Hawaii contributes to this task by bearing all the indirect costs, and by paying the salary of the Director. Percentages of funding by activity are exhibited in the following chart. Distribution of JIMAR's Task I NOAA Funding by Activity Education/Outreach/ Other Research Support 2% Student Support 4% Post-Docs/Visiting Scientists Administration 40% 54% JIMAR science comprises several dozen subprograms. In the aftermath of the Boxing Day tsunami, JIMAR has continued to play a leadership role in the development of an Indian Ocean tsunami warning network. The UH Sea Level Center had developed tide gages which are capable of delivering near-real time high temporal resolution information. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center has used our Pacific gages as part of their warning network. NOAA funds have been supplemented by grants from the Asia Disaster Preparedness Center and the United Nations. PFRP has made a significant contribution to the evaluation of archival tag information. Archival tags have been