MISSILE DEFENSE AGENCY Long Range Discrimination Radar (LRDR) Performance Testing, Clear Air Force Station (CAFS), Alaska Final Environmental Assessment July 2020 Department of Defense DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A: Missile Defense Agency th Approved for public release; distribution 5700 18 Street is unlimited. Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-5573 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Purpose and Need for Proposed Action ........................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Background ................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Purpose and Need ......................................................................................................... 1-3 1.4 Decisions to Be Made .................................................................................................... 1-3 1.5 Scope of the Environmental Assessment ....................................................................... 1-6 1.6 Cooperating Agencies.................................................................................................... 1-6 1.7 Federal Environmental Requirements ............................................................................ 1-7 1.8 Related Environmental Documentation .......................................................................... 1-7 1.9 Interagency and Intergovernmental Coordination and Consultations ............................. 1-7 1.10 Summary of Public Participation ............................................................................... 1-7 Description of the Proposed Action and Alternatives .................................................. 2-1 2.1 Proposed Action ............................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 Time-constrained Performance Testing ............................................................. 2-1 2.1.2 Limiting Use of Affected Airspace during Time-constrained Performance Testing ... .......................................................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.2.1 Factors Considered .................................................................................... 2-3 2.1.2.2 Specific Actions Proposed to Limit Airspace Use during Time-constrained Performance Testing .................................................................................................... 2-3 2.2 No Action Alternative ..................................................................................................... 2-9 2.3 Alternatives Considered But Not Carried Forward .......................................................... 2-9 Affected Environment and Environmental Consequences .......................................... 3-1 3.1 Airspace ........................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.1.1 Applicable Regulations ...................................................................................... 3-4 3.1.2 Region of Influence ............................................................................................ 3-6 3.1.3 Affected Environment ......................................................................................... 3-7 3.1.3.1 Airspace Management ................................................................................ 3-7 3.1.3.2 Airspace Users ........................................................................................... 3-7 3.1.3.3 Airspace.................................................................................................... 3-10 July 2020 LRDR Performance Testing Final EA i Table of Contents 3.1.3.4 Airports and Airport Operations ................................................................. 3-12 3.1.4 Environmental Consequences ......................................................................... 3-12 3.1.4.1 No Action Alternative ................................................................................ 3-15 3.1.4.2 Proposed Action ....................................................................................... 3-15 3.2 Air Quality .................................................................................................................... 3-19 3.2.1 Applicable Regulations .................................................................................... 3-19 3.2.2 Region of Influence .......................................................................................... 3-20 3.2.3 Affected Environment ....................................................................................... 3-20 3.2.4 Environmental Consequences ......................................................................... 3-22 3.2.4.1 No Action Alternative ................................................................................ 3-22 3.2.4.2 Proposed Action ....................................................................................... 3-22 3.3 Biological Resources ................................................................................................... 3-24 3.3.1 Applicable Regulations .................................................................................... 3-24 3.3.2 Region of Influence .......................................................................................... 3-24 3.3.3 Affected Environment ....................................................................................... 3-24 3.3.4 Environmental Consequences ......................................................................... 3-27 3.3.4.1 No Action Alternative ................................................................................ 3-27 3.3.4.2 Proposed Action ....................................................................................... 3-27 3.4 Cultural Resources ...................................................................................................... 3-30 3.4.1 Applicable Regulations .................................................................................... 3-30 3.4.2 Region of Influence .......................................................................................... 3-31 3.4.3 Affected Environment ....................................................................................... 3-31 3.4.4 Environmental Consequences ......................................................................... 3-33 3.4.4.1 No Action Alternative ................................................................................ 3-34 3.4.4.2 Proposed Action ....................................................................................... 3-34 3.5 Hazardous Materials and Wastes ................................................................................ 3-35 3.5.1 Applicable Regulations .................................................................................... 3-35 3.5.2 Region of Influence .......................................................................................... 3-35 3.5.3 Affected Environment ....................................................................................... 3-35 3.5.4 Environmental Consequences ......................................................................... 3-36 3.5.4.1 No Action Alternative ................................................................................ 3-36 July 2020 LRDR Performance Testing Final EA ii Table of Contents 3.5.4.2 Proposed Action ....................................................................................... 3-36 3.6 Health and Safety ........................................................................................................ 3-37 3.6.1 Applicable Regulations .................................................................................... 3-38 3.6.2 Region of Influence .......................................................................................... 3-39 3.6.3 Affected Environment ....................................................................................... 3-39 3.6.4 Environmental Consequences ......................................................................... 3-39 3.6.4.1 No Action Alternative ................................................................................ 3-40 3.6.4.2 Proposed Action ....................................................................................... 3-40 3.7 Land Use ..................................................................................................................... 3-41 3.7.1 Applicable Regulations .................................................................................... 3-42 3.7.2 Region of Influence .......................................................................................... 3-43 3.7.3 Affected Environment ....................................................................................... 3-43 3.7.4 Environmental Consequences ......................................................................... 3-44 3.7.4.1 No Action Alternative ................................................................................ 3-44 3.7.4.2 Proposed Action ....................................................................................... 3-45 3.8 Natural Resources and Energy Supply ........................................................................ 3-46 3.8.1 Applicable Regulations ...................................................................................