The Melting Pot; Journal of The School of General And Basic Studies, 4(1):47-54 AKANU IBIAM FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC LINGUA FRANCA AS A TOOL FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT U N W A N A Olughu Oko Okpoh SKILL FOR TECHNOLOGICAL FREEDOM ABSTRACT The Nigerian language dilemma is an incontrovertible fact. The multi-lingual nature of the country made the use of English language a linguistic necessity in order to mitigate the problem of mutual intelligibility and acceptability of the more than four hundred (400) ethnic indigenous or vernacular languages across the nation. To compound this problem further, lack of basic unity in the Nigerian system has introduced parochial patriotism immediately after colonialism and independence making the Nigerian language ecology a “narrow Path” full of thorns, which we thread and grope in to in tears, in order to evolve a lingua franca – a national language born out of the multiplicity of indigenous or native languages across Nigeria. Both previous and recent research in language engineering glaringly approve a Lingua Franca, a common national language as the fastest means to develop a technological know-how which will obviously lead to national cohesion and unity. This view was aptly captured in the national policy on education formulated in 1977 with a clause that allows “mother tongue” to be used as a medium of instruction in Nigerian public schools. Though this policy was later reversed, successive Nigerian regimes never had the inertia to achieve this lofty goal. Today the realization of this goal is inevitable, considering the hatred, acrimony, corruption and tribalism inherent in our present social superstructure, which only a national language resolve. Keywords: Language Lingua Franca, National Development Introduction users of these dialects know that they are The term Lingua Franca posits a language of specifically Igbos. In political circles this has communication by a group or groups of been confused with the aggressive search for persons who do not speak the same native identity- a term which has been submerged in language. It can be rightly defined as a tribal hostility. Nigeria is not the only country language which is indigenous to and in Africa or the world that is going through a commonly used by the entire population of a language “Tower of Babel” problem. But it is country. In other words it is the dominant or certainly one of the few countries in the world only language of the country. that has not made a serious attempt to implement a National language policy for In Nigeria the term “native” is often times Nigeria no matter the challenges. misunderstood and misapplied. At one time it could mean people who speak along one India just after her independence in 1947 dialect group and at other times it could mean a discovered that the road towards the adoption people who speak a parent language from of a national language could become a where dialects may have broken off. Victor Herculean task in a great republic Manfredi in Agbor and Ehugbo posited that the accommodating one third of the world's dialect “Ehugbo” of the Afikpo Igbo of Eastern population. This great republic decided that Nigeria is the centre of Igbo Linguistic “Hindi” should become the sole official consciousness. Thus “Ehugbo” Afikpo Igbo language of the Indians, supposed to come in dialect is something like the Latin of Igbo to effect in January 1965. “Hindi” as a language. An Igbo from say Unwana section of language is spoken by about 180,000,000 Afikpo, consider himself or herself a native of Indians in a country of Unwana, not Afikpo, even though the slight more than 400million people. This shows that variation and deviation in both the Ehugbo and in a multi tribal and multi-lingual nation of Unwana dialects of Igbo language poses no which Nigeria is one, the solution to this kind communication problem; since both are of problem can seldom be easy. As may be understood by users of this dialects.. Both 47 Olughu 2018 rightly anticipated part of the problem was choice of an indigenous language as a lingua political. In south India lived a people called Franca”. Page 16 of that magazine featured the “Davidians” of the original Indian races another article “Tongues in a twist; which x- before the Aryan invasion of Northern India. rayed “languages as hurdles and how others They stoutly opposed “Hindi” clamouring for cleared them”. First, to even suggest means of a separate state with “Tamil” (one of their clearing the hurdles, we must identify exactly own languages) as the official language. In where the problem lies. These problems may their argument Dravidistan State or Davidian be viewed from four major factors. The language are quite unique and superior to cultural factor, the political factor, the “Hindi” and has preserved the Indian- Hindu linguistic factor and the religious factor. culture during about 1000 years of Muslim The Cultural Factor rule. Nigeria's troubles lie in its past. Its history is a Back home in Africa, Tanzania has toed the litany of complexity captured in Mackey's line of Indian experience and example. One observation in his preface to Brann C.M.B. major problem that beset the Nigerian Comparative Bibliograghy which state that: political landscape is “political naivety, lack of the will to implement visions that will The making of modern manifest in to a common goal. The argument Nigeria is one of the greatest for a national language or lingua Franca is not problems in state building of a new thing in Nigeria. It was debated in any area in the world today. A Nigeria's constituent Assembly Abuja on state of such ethnic and December 14th 1988 and Nigeria tilted religious diversity containing towards “WAZOBIA” an adoption of the dozens of ancient cultures and three major ethnic languages: “Hausa”, hundreds of living languages “Yoruba”, “Igbo” as a possible lingua Franca is indeed more difficult to for Nigeria. Then in 1977 the federal centralize than was any nation government of Nigeria promulgated the of Europe. Here we have National policy on Education with the use of representatives of all known the mother tongue in Nigeria's educational African language families, as system as its major keynote, though the well as a meeting place of the policy revised in 1988 did allow the use of three cultures that are other Nigeria language for national unity. As fashioning Modern Africa- usual the policy was never implemented; traditional, Islamic and making it a mere paper proclamation even as Christian. In no other country some developing countries succeeded in this is the confluence of these experiment as cited in Emenanjo (1990, three streams more striking p.64): the Philippines Ramos et al. (1967), than it is in the Nigerian Mexico Modiano, (1968) Canada, Lambert linguistic and social situation and Tucker, (1972) and party in Nigeria, the w h e r e t h e w e a l t h o f life project, Afolayan (1976) indigenous languages, several of them with a millenary To further buttress the need for a National tradition of oral and written language, the Newswatch Magazine of literature encounters the March 20 1989, in an article “what tongue for Arabic Islamic tradition from 250” noted that “for nearly 29 years after the North and the European independence Nigeria still grapples with the Christianity from the South. 48 The Melting Pot; Journal of The School of General And Basic Studies, 4(1):47-54 This is a thorough grasp of the Nigerian held any serious political position for a long cultural landscape which culminated in the time like the Hausa but in any case the Yoruba amalgamation process of 1914, which some is better off than the Igbos. Yoruba is always political and erstwhile Nigerian statesmen blamed for an acclaimed cultural imperialism call a mistake. Greater conflict has been born with a language that is meant to be the leading in this aspect in which the Muslim-Arab comprador faction of the ruling class”. In the league makes war to outwit the Christians. A case of the Igbos, there is complete blackout as lingua Franca then will have to play their role in the civil war and fear of that something like a re conciliatory role serving enchanted “Igbo domination hunts Nigeria like as a bridge between the two extremes to the Ghost of Caesar. The Igbo language will Islamic and Christian culture, alongside not qualify. The minority language s do infact traditionalism which is neither Muslim nor stand a chance as none has generated any Euro centric Christian. Any language chosen hatred, disagreement or rancor against any must have been adequately used as a linkup section of Nigeria. To buttress the relevance of between the Muslims and Christians and a lingua franca further, either for Nigeria or for those fundamental traditionalists who are the whole of Africa, Professor Wole Soyinka, a neither here nor there. At present there is no member of Union of writers of the African such language that would qualify to meet this peoples called for the adoption of Swahili as a great need. Not even the oftentimes proposed lingua franca for the African continent. His “WAZOBIA” Assumed superiority in the reason was based on the premise that Swahili cultural aspect of each of this two camps has has a wide geographical spread and is spoken meandered in to the political factor and of in East Africa, Zaire and parts of central Africa. course colours the linguistic factor. It is alleged that this Language is neutral and The Political Factor: does not belong to any ethnic group in For any language to qualify as Nigeria's particular.