BIG GAME HUNTING IN WEST AFRICA P A P WHAT IS ITS CONTRIBUTION TO A C CONSERVATION? O S T U D I E S - N U M B E R 2 Progra mm e Aire s Pro tégées dAfrique du Ce ntre e t de lOuest UICN Programme Aires Protégées dAfrique du Centre et de lOuest PAPACO (IUCN West and Central African Protected Areas Programme – PAPACO) 1 The geographical terminology used in this study, and its presentation, are in no way an expression of any opinion on the part of the IUCN regarding the legal status or authority of any country, territory or region or on the tracing of its borders. The opinions expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the IUCN. Published by: IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, United Kingdom. Copyright: (2009) International Union for the Conservation of Nature and its Resources. These texts may be reproduced for non-commercial, in particular educational, purposes without the prior written authorisation of the copyright holder providing the source is duly cited This document may not be reproduced for commercial purposes, in particular for sale, without the prior written authorisation of the copyright holder. Citation: UICN/PACO (2009). La grande chasse en Afrique de lOuest: quelle contribution à la conservation ? (Big Game Hunting in West Africa. What is its contribution to conservation? ISBN: 978-2-8317-1204-8 Cover photo: Bertrand Chardonnet Photo credit: Bertrand Chardonnet Produced by: IUCN PACO Protected Area Programme (see www.papaco.org) Available from: UICN – Programme Afrique Centrale et Occidentale 01 BP 1618 Ouagadougou 01 Burkina Faso Ph. (226) 50 36 49 76 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.iucn.org/places/paco and www.papaco.org 2 The "études du Papaco" (Papaco Studies) series offers documented analyses which aim to stimulate reflection and debate on the conservation of biodiversity in West and Central Africa. It sheds light on a situation or a topic, but does not claim to provide an exhaustive coverage of the subject. Readers wishing to deepen the analysis, add ideas or share their opinions on the topics raised, are strongly encouraged to do so by sending their comments to: [email protected] Pertinent contributions will be put on line at www.papaco.org, under the section "études du papaco" where a discussion forum is opened for each study. ----------------------------- The complete report used to prepare this document in the "études du Papaco" series was written by Bertrand Chardonnet, in French, with the title "Grande chasse en Afrique de l’Ouest: contribution à la conservation ?" (Big Game Hunting in West Africa. What is its contribution to conservation?) It is also available on the website www.papaco.org under the "études du Papaco" section. This study was carried out with the financial support of the Fonds Français pour l’Environnement Mondial (French Fund for the World's Environment). 3 CONTENTS LIST OF MAPS ................................................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................... 7 RESUME .............................................................................................................................. ............. 9 SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................... 10 10 Summary sheets to understand the role of big game hunting ............................................................. 11 The scale of big game hunting in Africa .................................................................................................. 12 The scale of big game hunting in West Africa ......................................................................................... 13 The conservation value of big game hunting ........................................................................................... 14 Big Game Hunting and Demography ...................................................................................................... 15 Big Game Hunting and Gross Domestic Product .................................................................................... 16 Big Game Hunting and Employment for local populations ...................................................................... 17 Big game hunting and economic benefits for local populations ............................................................... 18 Big Game Hunting and Tourism .............................................................................................................. 19 Hunting and the private sector ................................................................................................................ 20 The position of the local communities: Rights of use and partnership with the private sector ................. 21 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 22 1. THE HUNTING SECTOR IN AFRICA .......................................................................................................... 25 1.1. Small Game Hunting ............................................................................................................. 25 1.2. Big Game Hunting ................................................................................................................. 26 1.3. The Organisation of Hunting ................................................................................................ 26 2. AN OVERVIEW OF BIG GAME HUNTING IN AFRICA ............................................................................... 27 2.1. West Africa .............................................................................................................................. 2 7 2.1.1. Senegal ......................................................................................................................................... 27 2.1.2. Mali ............................................................................................................................................... 29 2.1.3. Mauritania ..................................................................................................................................... 31 2.1.4. Gambia ......................................................................................................................................... 31 2.1.5. Sierra Leone ................................................................................................................................. 31 2.1.6. Liberia ........................................................................................................................................... 31 2.1.7. Guinea .......................................................................................................................................... 31 2.1.8. Guinea Bissau .............................................................................................................................. 32 2.1.9. Ivory Coast .................................................................................................................................... 33 2.1.10. Ghana ......................................................................................................................................... 33 2.1.11. Togo ............................................................................................................................................ 34 2.1.12. Nigeria ........................................................................................................................................ 34 2.1.13. Niger ........................................................................................................................................... 35 2.1.14. Burkina Faso ............................................................................................................................... 35 2.1.15. Benin........................................................................................................................................... 41 2.1.16. Summary of big game hunting in West Africa .............................................................................. 46 2.2. Central Africa .......................................................................................................................... 48 2.2.1. Republic of Central Africa .............................................................................................................. 48 2.2.2. Cameroon ..................................................................................................................................... 51 2.2.3. Chad ............................................................................................................................................. 53 2.2.4. Other countries of Central Africa ................................................................................................... 54 2.3. Eastern and Southern Africa ................................................................................................ 55 2.3.1. Tanzania ....................................................................................................................................... 55 2.3.2. Zambia .......................................................................................................................................... 57 2.3.3. Kenya ..........................................................................................................................................