Media Development Literature Audiences & Media Use July – December 2019 GENERAL & INTERNATIONAL 1. Trust in the media. Ipsos, 2019, 48 p. A selection of new publications "People across 27 countries are divided on whether they trust traditional media (magazines at the CAMECO literature database and newspapers, TV and radio). These sources are equally trusted as they are distrusted. However, levels of trust in media sources vary greatly at the country level. Trust in traditional Particularly commendable guides, handbooks and other media is perceived to have decreased over the past five years. This survey shows two main remarkable publications are shaded in grey. contributing factors: the prevalence of fake news and doubts about media sources’ good intentions. Online media websites are slightly less trusted than traditional media, but trust in Compiled by Christoph Dietz, Catholic Media Council (CAMECO), them is not reported to have dropped as extensively over the past five years. Proximity to Aachen, Germany, [email protected]. people matters. People are most trusting of other people they know them personally. Furthermore, personal relationships are the only source of news and information that is See our online database for further publications: perceived to have gained in trustworthiness over the past five years. Opinions vary widely http://www.cameco.org/en/library. across countries as to whether public broadcasters can be trusted more than private ones, depending on how broadcasting services are organized and controlled." (key findings) Subscribe to this list at https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2019-06/global-advisor-trust-in- https://www.cameco.org/en/library/media-development-lit-list. media-2019.pdf AFRICA, SUB-SAHARAN > Audiences & Media Use p. 1 2. Influencers and influencing for better accountability in the DRC: sources and circulation of information in the DRC - the > Children & Media, Youth & Media, Media Literacy p. 2 case of North Kivu. Fondation Hirondelle; Demos, Harvard > Christian & Religious Communication p. 4 Humanitarian Initiative; ICREDES, 2019, 39 p. > Cinema p. 5 "The information ecosystem in DRC is fragmented and fragile. It is characterised by a great number of media outlets, however their level of professionalism is low and their vulnerability > Community Media p. 6 to partisan capture is high. This fragility is replicated in the online space. The Congolese > Conflicts, Media & Peacebuilding p. 8 population rely heavily on informal sources of information such as word of mouth, interpersonal communication with family and friends. The scarcity of reliable information > Democracy, Governance & Media, Political Communication p. 12 open avenues for the rumours and misinformation to spread. This context presents serious > Development Communication, Environmental challenges for the promotion of good governance and accountability that requires well informed citizens. To better address those challenges, it is necessary to understand the main Communication, Health Communication p. 18 sources and dynamics of information flows both offline and online, and through media and > Digitalisation & ICT for Development p. 19 non-media channels. A consortium composed of Fondation Hirondelle (FH), Demos, Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (HHI) and the Institut Congolais de Recherche en Développement et > Disaster & Humanitarian Crisis Communitation p. 22 Etudes Stratégiques (ICREDES) was created in order to provide a more holistic view of the Congolese information ecosystem and to identify opportunities for entry. Due to the limited > Economics & Management of Media p. 23 time and resources of the study, and because of the pre-existing networks and capacities of > Ethics in Communication & Media Accountability p. 24 the consortium in this region, its focus is on North Kivu. To identify the voices, networks and themes that dominated this information ecosystem in this region, three levels of analysis > Freedom of Expression, Media Policies, Media Legislation p. 25 were chosen: 1. The sources and level of information of the local populations. This analysis > Gender & Media p. 28 was provided by HHI that implemented household surveys of large samples of populations in Eastern DRC; 2. The sources of information of local journalists. This analysis was provided > International Communication, Foreign News, by FH that surveyed a network of 18 local radios in North Kivu; 3. The network and content Public Diplomacy p. 29 analysis of digital and social media provided by DEMOS ... Findings: Radio is the primary media source of information for the population of Eastern DRC (78% of the sample listens to > Journalism & Journalism Education p. 30 it occasionally and 43% daily ... The main sources of information depend on the context and > Media Assistance p. 33 the nature of the information people are seeking ... The results highlight the lack of reliability of information sources (46% of respondents expressed a moderate to high level of > Media Landscapes, Media & Communication General p. 35 confidence in local radio, and 39% for national radio) ..." (executive summary) > Migrants, Minorities, Indigenous Peoples, https://www.hirondelle.org/en/studies/992-social-influencers-in-the-drc-our-joint-study-on- Disadvantaged Groups & Media p. 36 sources-and-circulation-of-information-in-n orth-kivu > Production Skills & Processes p. 38 3. Jeffrey Conroy-Krutz, Josephine Appiah-Nyamekye: How free is too free? Across Africa, media freedom is on the defensive. Cape Town: Afrobarometer, 2019, 34 p. > Author & Publisher Index p. 39 "Popular support for media freedom continues to decline, dropping to below half (47%) of > Country Index p.41 respondents across 34 countries. More Africans (49%) now say governments should have the right to prevent publications they consider harmful. Twenty-five of 31 countries tracked since 2011 experienced declines in support for media freedom over that period, including steep drops in Tanzania (-33 percentage points), Cabo Verde (-27), Uganda (-21), and Tunisia (-21). Yet more Africans see the media’s freedom to investigate and criticize government as increasing (43%) than declining (32%). Countries vary widely in their assessments, from 80% of Gambians who see more media freedom to 66% of Gabonese who see less. Africans are generally dissatisfied with the state of the media. Of those who say freedom is increasing in their country, a majority (54%) support increased government regulations. However, among those who assess freedom as decreasing, a majority (54%) support media freedom over government regulations. Radio remains the top source for mass-media news, though its dominance is declining: 42% report using it every day, down 5 percentage points from 2011/2013. Television is a daily news source for about one in three Africans (35%), and is the top source for news in nine countries. Only 7% read newspapers daily. Reliance on the Internet and social media for news is increasing rapidly. Almost one in - 1 - five Africans say they use the Internet (18%) and/or social media (19%) daily for news. Use Children & Media, Youth & Media, Media Literacy of the Internet and social media for news is significantly higher among younger, urban, and better-educated populations, and there are important differences between countries and GENERAL & INTERNATIONAL regions regarding access." (key findings) http://afrobarometer.org/sites/default/files/publications/Policy%20papers/ab_r7_policypapern 8. Khalid Aoutail: Décode la h@ine! Jette la violence! Guide de o56_support_for_media_freedom_decline s_across_africa_1.pdf prévention contre les discours de haine en ligne à l'usage des 4. Publics in Africa in a digital age. In: Journal of Eastern African 12-18 ans. Rabat: UNESCO, 2019, 76 p. "Ce guide, conçu à partir d'une collecte des données sur l'expression de la haine en ligne Studies, vol. 13, nr. 1, 2019, p.1-213 sous toutes ses formes, et de leur analyse, propose des modules simples à comprendre afin Rethinking publics in Africa in a digital age / Sharath Srinivasan, Stephanie d'accompagner celles et ceux qui le souhaitent dans la création d'un réseau virtuel Diepeveen & George Karekwaivanane -- From baraza to cyberbaraza: d'échange pacifié. Les recommandations présentes ici ne se limitent pas à l'expression de la interrogating publics in the context of the 2015 Zanzibar electoral impasse / haine en ligne mais abordent toutes les formes de violences qui peuvent exister car c'est en Irene Brunotti -- Knowledge and legitimacy: the fragility of digital prévenant la violence ordinaire qu'il est possible d'enrayer la violence idéologique, principal mobilisation in Sudan / Siri Lamoureaux & Timm Sureau -- ‘Tapanduka terreau de la confrontation meurtrière entre les peuples." (préface, p.9) Zvamuchese’: Facebook, ‘unruly publics’, and Zimbabwean politics / George subjects: countering defamation & harrassment; countering hate speech, disinformation & Hamandishe Karekwaivanane -- Social diary and news production: propaganda; digital literacy: youth - manuals & training materials authorship and readership in social media during Kenya’s 2007 elections / https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367752.locale=fr Inge Brinkman - Kuchu activism, queer sex-work and “lavender marriages,” in Uganda’s virtual LGBT safe(r) spaces / Austin Bryan -- Bringing The Daily 9. Dennis Reineck, Roland Schürhoff, Jan Lublinski: Zooming in Mail to Africa: entertainment websites and the creation of a digital youth public in post-genocide