WĂƩĞƌŶƐĂŶĚdƌĞŶĚƐŽĨ ŵƉŚĞƚĂŵŝŶĞͲdLJƉĞ^ƟŵƵůĂŶƚƐ ĂŶĚKƚŚĞƌƌƵŐƐ ƐŝĂĂŶĚƚŚĞWĂĐŝĮĐ 'ůŽďĂů^DZdWƌŽŐƌĂŵŵĞ 2012 Printed: December 2012 Authorship: Global SMART Programme Global team: Dr. Justice Tettey, Chief, Laboratory and Scientific Section Ms. Beate Hammond, Programme Expert/Global SMART Manager East Asia team: Mr. Tun Nay Soe, Programme Coordinator Mr. Shawn Kelley, Regional ATS Analyst Ms. Porntipa Pahnichaputt, Project Assistant Mr. Akara Umapornsakula, Web Assistant Ms. Annebeth Wijtenburg, SMART Intern Disclaimer: This document has not been formally edited. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in the document does not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal staus of any country, territory, city or area under its authority or concerning the delimitations of its frontiers and boundaries. Patterns and Trends of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants and 2WKHU'UXJV$VLDDQGWKH3DFL¿F 2012 A Report from the Global SMART Programme December 2012 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime Table of Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................i The Global SMART Programme ...............................................................................................................ii Abbreviations ...........................................................................................................................................iii List of tables and figures ..........................................................................................................................vi Notes to the reader .................................................................................................................................... x Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................1 Background and Method ..........................................................................................................................3 Regional Trends ........................................................................................................................................5 East and South-East Asia ......................................................................................................................7 Pacific Island States and territories .....................................................................................................27 South Asia ..........................................................................................................................................31 National Trends ......................................................................................................................................35 Australia .............................................................................................................................................37 Emerging trends and concerns ............................................................................................................ 37 Overview of the drug situation ........................................................................................................... 37 Patterns and trends of drug use ........................................................................................................... 37 Injecting drug use ............................................................................................................................... 38 Drug treatment ................................................................................................................................... 38 Drug-related arrests, seizures and prices .............................................................................................. 39 Sources of illicit drugs ......................................................................................................................... 41 Forensic data ....................................................................................................................................... 42 Brunei Darussalam ............................................................................................................................43 Emerging trends and concerns ............................................................................................................ 43 Overview of the drug situation ........................................................................................................... 43 Patterns and trends of drug use ........................................................................................................... 43 Injecting drug use ............................................................................................................................... 43 Drug treatment ................................................................................................................................... 43 Drug-related arrests, seizures and prices .............................................................................................. 44 Sources of illicit drugs ......................................................................................................................... 45 Forensic data ....................................................................................................................................... 46 Cambodia ..........................................................................................................................................47 Emerging trends and concerns ............................................................................................................ 47 Overview of the drug situation ........................................................................................................... 47 Patterns and trends of drug use ........................................................................................................... 47 Injecting drug use ............................................................................................................................... 48 Drug treatment ................................................................................................................................... 48 Drug-related arrests, seizures and prices .............................................................................................. 48 Sources of illicit drugs ......................................................................................................................... 50 Forensic data ....................................................................................................................................... 50 China .................................................................................................................................................51 Emerging trends and concerns ............................................................................................................ 51 Overview of the drug situation ........................................................................................................... 51 Patterns and trends of drug use ........................................................................................................... 51 Injecting drug use ............................................................................................................................... 52 Drug treatment ................................................................................................................................... 52 Drug-related arrests, seizures and prices .............................................................................................. 53 Sources of illicit drugs ......................................................................................................................... 54 Forensic data ....................................................................................................................................... 55 Indonesia ...........................................................................................................................................59 Emerging trends and concerns ............................................................................................................ 59 Overview of the drug situation ........................................................................................................... 59 Patterns and trends of drug use ........................................................................................................... 59 Injecting drug use ............................................................................................................................... 60 Drug treatment ................................................................................................................................... 60 Drug-related arrests, seizures and prices .............................................................................................. 61 Sources of illicit drugs ......................................................................................................................... 62 Forensic data ....................................................................................................................................... 63 Japan ..................................................................................................................................................65