INTRODUCTION. THE following pages contain lists, first, of the names of the French and other refugees who, in 1622, were resident in St. Martin's- le-Grand in London, or were engaged in the trades of cutlers (for which they made the metropolis famous, as it still remains), joiners, ceelers,a carvers, and tallow-chandlers; and also of the foreigners who were then resident in the principal places of refuge in England, viz. Canterbury, Maidstone, the Cinque Ports, Norwich, and Col- chester ; and, secondly, of those refugees who came into this country between the years 1678 and 1688, during the troubles preceding and immediately following the revocation of the Edict of Nantes, and to whom free letters of denization were granted by Charles II. and James II. It is a matter for regret that we have not in England any work, giving the personal history and particulars of the refugees, similar to the work published between the years 1782-1799, in reference to those who settled in Prussia.1" Many circumstances have combined to cause the number in England to be less than in Holland and in Prussia; but there are sufficient in numbers and in importance to render such a volume very interesting. Indeed, as the propor- tion of the nobles, gentry, and other commoners, who can boast of a royal descent from our Edwards is very large, so also is the " Decorators, Wainscoting is called ceiling in Craven, 6 ilfessrs. /. P. firman and Reoiam. Memoires pour servir a I'Histoire des Refugies Francois dans Ies Etats du Roi. Berlin. 9 vols. 8vo. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.34.90, on 24 Sep 2021 at 17:57:11, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2042169900004351 IV INTRODUCTION. proportion of the commoners in the middle and working classes in whose veins flows the blood of the refugees. MR. J. S. BURN has noticed a few in his History of the Protestant Refugees settled in England, with particulars of the places in which they settled; and the contributors to the Ulster Journal of Archeeology have followed up the subject, so far as relates to the settlements in Ireland; but the settlers in Ireland came principally after the Revolution of 1688, and the chief portion arrived from Holland, whilst the lists which I now print are of those who remained after the death of Elizabeth, or fled to this country prior to the reign of William and Mary. It will be seen that several families still of note here were founded by these immigrants. The circumstances under which the first portion of these lists was returned were these. After the accession of James I. the prose- cution of the Protestants abroad had very much abated, and those who had found an asylum in this country had extended their means of livelihood from the manufactories they had superintended to many retail trades. In London alone in 1621 there were stated to be 10,000 strangers,11 and they had been carrying on 121 dif- ferent trades.b Several, in spite of the statutes of 1st Rich. III. and 14 and 15 Hen. VIII. against receiving apprentices and servants, employed more than two journeymen or four servants who were not the King's subjects; submitted to no regulations as to the number of their apprentices; and frequented fairs and markets, paying less dues than 'the freemen. The complaints made against the industry of the aliens and their use of machinery are instructive even at this dayc:— » S. P.O. Domestic, 1621, No. 146. b Ib. 1616, vol. xcviii. No. 113. c Ib. vol. lxxxviii. No. 112. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.34.90, on 24 Sep 2021 at 17:57:11, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2042169900004351 INTRODUCTION. V " Theire chiefest cause of entertainment here of late was in charity to shroud them from persecution for religion; and, beinge here, theire ne- cessity became the mother of theire ingenuitie in deviseing manye trades before to us unknowne. The State, noteing their diligence, and yet preventinge the future inconvenience, enacted two speciall lawes:— That they should enterteine Englishe apprentices and servants to learne these trades, the neglect whereof giveth them advantage to keepe theire misteries to themselves, which hath made them bould of late to devise engines for workinge of tape, lace, ribbin, and such, wherein one man doth more amonge them then 7 Englishe men can doe; soe as theire cheape sale of those comodities beggereth all our Englishe artificers of that trade and enricheth them. Since the makeing of the last statute they are thought to be increased ten for one, so as no tenement is left to an Englishe artificer to inhabite in divers parts of the cytie and suburbs, but they take them over their heads at a greate rate. Soe their numbers causeth the enhauncing of the prises of vittells and houserents, and much furthereth the late disorderly new buildings, which is soe burdonous to the subject that his Majestie hath not any worke to performe for the good of his comons (especially in citties and townes) then by the taking of the benefitt of the law upon them, a thing which is don against his owne subjects be comon informers. But their daylie flocking hither without such remedie is like to grow scarce tollorable." It would seem however that the complaints were not very well founded; for, though the trades were numerous, the weavers, mer- chants, tailors, sleave-makers, shoemakers, dyers, brewers, diamond cutters, jewellers, and goldsmiths formed the majority. Apothecaries 6 Brokers for nier- Blacksmithes Arras workers 2 chants 8 Bakers 5 Ankersmiths 1 Brewers 37 Brayesyers * 2 Button-makers 7 Boxernakers 2 Braslockmakers 1 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.34.90, on 24 Sep 2021 at 17:57:11, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2042169900004351 INTRODUCTION. Basket-makers 4 Glayesyers 2 Perfumer 1 Cordwinder * 1 Gunstockmaker 1 Packthredmaker 1 Cowpers 12 Guilders 2 Preachers 11 Chirurgions 9 Goldrawers 6 Pearledriller 1 Comemakers 2 Goldspinner 1 Padlockmaker 1 Cookes 11 Goldbeater 1 Picturemakers 11 Cutlers 22 Hatbandmakers 5 Pottmakers 2 Chaundlers 16 Hatmaker 1 Perlepercer 1 Crosbowmakers 3 Hoseyers 3 Silke throwsters 12 Crewell" seller 1 Hempdressers 14 Stonecutters 9 Clockmakers 15 Jewellers 35 Sleave makers 64 Cutter 1 Joyners 20 Silversmithes 3 Carvers 3 Inlayers 2 Saylemakers 3 Doctors 10 Inholder 1 Scholemaisters 16 Distillers 3 Imbroyderers 10 Sugar bakers 4 Drawers ' 1 Inginer 1 Sholemaker 1 Dyers 39 Instrument-maker 1 Shomakers 43 Dyamond cutters 25 Locksmith 1 Skinner 1 Dauncers 3 Labourer 1 Soucemanb 1 Flaxmen 2 Lawyer 1 Silkewinders 5 Feltmaker 1 Letherdressers 6 Scrivener 1 Factors 13 Merchants 183 Sivemakers 4 Flower-maker 1 Millers 4 Sempster 1 Gravers 10 Mercers 2 Spinster 1 Grocer 1 Needle-makers 2 Smithes . 4 Goldsmithes 20 Ordinary keepers 14 Shipwright 1 Glasmakers 10 Posts 4 Sattenlacemaker 1 Gunnemakers 5 Printer 1 Taylers 148 Glaspainter 1 Painters 13 Twisters of worsted 3 Gardners 4 Pinner 1 Toothdrawer 1 5 Pine worsted; used in fringe, garters, &e. b Pickler or salter ? Souce, Du. Salt. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.34.90, on 24 Sep 2021 at 17:57:11, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2042169900004351 INTRODUCTION. Vll Tobackoeseller 1 Watchmakers 2 Seller of lynnen 1 Thredmakers 11 Weavers 349 Workman in gold 1 Thredtwisters 9 Windster 1 Maryners 2 Trusmaker 1 Filesmith 1 Musicons 3 Tyermakers 2 Notary publiq 2 Victuallers 4 Tennis court keepers Trades 121 Wyerdrawer 1 and rackett mak- Of the several Woolcombers 2 trades 1343 Whitsters a 2 The complaints had commenced early in the King's reign. On 22nd July, 1605, it was alleged that the English merchants were injured because foreigners were allowed to export baize and other goods without paying double custom,b and the Lord Treasurer (Dorset) thought the granting of denization to strangers so pre- judicial to the crown that he declined making out thirty deniza- tions till he had consulted with the Council.0 Sir George Walde- grave suggested to Salisbury a various restrictions to be laid on aliens and recusants. In April, 1606, a bill was prepared to compel merchant strangers who were naturalized to employ all the money received in imports on goods for exportation ;e and in the next year a double duty was imposed upon baize as upon cloth f exported. At the same time encouragement was given to the extension of manufactures here. The " New Drapery " was set up at Hatfield, Herts; the planting of mulberry trees for the sake of the growth of silk was especially favoured8; whilst, on 27th Nov. 1610, a licence was granted to the East India Company h to admit merchant strangers a Washers or bleachers of linen; "Carry it among the whitsters in Datchet mead." Merry Wives of Windsor, Act 3, sc. 3. » S. P. Cvvol. xv. No. 15. c Ib. No. 19. d Ib. vol. xviii. " Ib. vol. xx. No. 6. f Ib. vol. xxvi. No. 32. 8 Ib. 11 Ib. vol. lviii. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.34.90, on 24 Sep 2021 at 17:57:11, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms.