n Bomber of the 21st Century and Beyond 2001/2002 AIAA Undergraduate Team Aircraft Design SLOB Works (Supercruise Low-Observable Bomber Works) May 2, 2002 Team Roster Member AIAA Number Signature Steve D’Adamo 177918 Derek Geiger 188822 Scott Henderson 214947 Andy Krohn 203787 Brian Shepard 204729 Matt Stephan 000000 Zach Sherman 000000 Obie Woods 000000 Arthur Jarjisian 000000 Harsh Vasavada 215016 Faculty Advisor Dr. W. H. Mason 2002 SLOB Works, a Virginia Tech AOE Design Team 1 Executive Summary The SLOB Works Group presents the SW-Ghost as a solution to the 2001-2002 AIAA Undergraduate Team Aircraft Design Competition Request for Proposal (RFP) for an Advanced Deep Interdiction Aircraft. The main drivers for this proposal were cost, stealth, supercruising capabilities, medium payload with multiple configurations, and range. An extensive aircraft comparative study was performed to evaluate past aircraft capabilities. With the knowledge gained from this study, and keeping the drivers in mind, it was possible to develop four concepts, each meeting the requirements set forth by the RFP. To choose the best concept, three selection matrices were used to evaluate the characteristics of the aircraft. This concept evolved through the preliminary design phase leading to an optimized aircraft that meets and exceeds the requirements in the RFP. The SW-Ghost is a blended wing body aircraft with canards and a split canted tail. It utilizes four 30,000 lbs engines with afterburner capabilities. A diamond shaped wing is blended into the fuselage and area ruling was used throughout the aircraft to improve the stealth and aerodynamic characteristics. The cranked outer portions of the diamond wing provide better stability and control characteristics at low subsonic speeds. The weapon and engine pods are integrated into the fuselage and wing. The pod locations are close to the ground, which provide easy maintainability to the aircraft and reduce the turn around time. The weapon pods were sized to meet the largest payload and can be arranged with all combat configurations. The RFP engines are used for their better performance over other engines. By introducing all of these characteristics into the aircraft, the Ghost will be able to fly efficiently at subsonic and supersonic speeds. To meet the requirements in the RFP, it was necessary to concentrate on the structures, materials, and systems of the aircraft. The bomber will have an integrated configuration of aluminum, steel, titanium, and magnesium materials for an optimal combination of strength, weight and cost. The aircraft will be lighter and become stronger by using Sine wave technology in the spars. For the aircraft’s systems, the majority of the items will be the government furnished equipment to keep the cost down. Even though most of the equipment used is government furnished the aircraft will incorporate the top-of- the-line avionics, flight control and propulsion systems. 2002 SLOB Works, a Virginia Tech AOE Design Team 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................................................................2 Index of Tables ............................................................................................................................................................................5 Index of Figures...........................................................................................................................................................................5 Index of Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................................7 Index of Symbols.........................................................................................................................................................................7 1. Aircraft Requirements and Proposed Concept Designs .....................................................................................................8 1.1. Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................................8 1.2. Analysis of Request for Proposal .............................................................................................................................8 1.3. Aircraft Comparative Study....................................................................................................................................10 1.4. Concepts .................................................................................................................................................................11 1.4.1 Concept SW-1....................................................................................................................................................11 1.4.2 Concept SW-2....................................................................................................................................................13 1.4.3 Concept SW-3....................................................................................................................................................15 1.4.4 Concept SW-4....................................................................................................................................................16 2. Concept Analysis and Selection Process..........................................................................................................................18 2.1. Concept Design Tools ............................................................................................................................................18 2.1.1 Nicolai’s Aircraft Sizing Program .....................................................................................................................18 2.1.2 AeroDYNAMIC Program..................................................................................................................................18 2.1.3 Development of SW Excel Sizing Program.......................................................................................................23 2.1.4 Cost Analysis Program ......................................................................................................................................24 2.2. Generation of Carpet Plots .....................................................................................................................................26 2.3. Concept Selection Process......................................................................................................................................30 2.3.1. Concept Design Matrix......................................................................................................................................30 2.3.2. Risk Management Matrix ..................................................................................................................................32 2.3.3. Cost Analysis Matrix .........................................................................................................................................34 2.4. Final Analysis & Selection Process........................................................................................................................35 2.5. Aircraft Design & Layout.......................................................................................................................................35 3. Aerodynamics ..................................................................................................................................................................41 3.1. Planform and Airfoil Selection...............................................................................................................................41 3.2. Lift Analysis ...........................................................................................................................................................42 3.3. Drag Analysis.........................................................................................................................................................43 3.4. Aircraft Geometry ..................................................................................................................................................46 3.5. High Lift Devices ...................................................................................................................................................47 4. Structures and Materials...................................................................................................................................................48 4.1. Materials.................................................................................................................................................................48 4.2. Structures................................................................................................................................................................49 5. Stability and Control ........................................................................................................................................................53 5.1. Method of Analysis ................................................................................................................................................53 5.2. Static Stability ........................................................................................................................................................54