CITES Cactaceae Checklist Third Edition C · I· T· E ·S Cactaceae C H E C K L I S T Third Edition compiled by David Hunt Honorary Research Fellow Royal Botanic Gardens Kew assisted by members of the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study © 2016 David Hunt First published 1992 Second edition 1999 Third edition 2016 ISBN 978-0-9933113-2-1 Adopted as the Standard Reference for Names of Cactaceae by the17th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to CITES, Johannesburg (South Africa), 24 September – 5 October 2016. No amendments have been made to the listings, other than those adopted by CoP17 to the list of Appendix I species, and the correction of typographical errors, since the draft version of the Checklist was published on-line via the website of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew on 31 March 2016. Cover Illustration: Neobuxbaumia macrocephala above Zapotitlán de las Salinas, Puebla, Mexico, 24 June 2013 (photo: David Hunt) Compiled with the financial assistance of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Printed in England CITES CaCTaCEaE ChECklIST Third edition Contents Acknowledgments ....................................................................6 Introduction ...............................................................................7 CITES and cacti Checklist background Computer aspects Compilation procedure Cactaceae names in current usage Taxonomic status of cacti listed Changes since the previous edition ......................................10 Subfamilies Opuntioideae and Pereskioideae Subfamily Cactoideae To change or not to change? ‘Alternative’ names Annotated list of changes .......................................................12 References .............................................................................16 How to use this Checklist .......................................................17 Cactaceae listed on CITES Appendix I ..................................18 Alphabetic List of Names in Current Usage ...........................19 Country/Area Checklists .......................................................133 Cactaceae listed on CITES Appendix I (copy) .....................168 List of taxa in Opuntia subgenus Opuntia ............................169 6 CITES Cactaceae Checklist Acknowledgments As with previous editions, the compilation of this edition of the CITES Cactaceae Checklist has depended in large measure on the invaluable advice and assistance given by numerous advisers and collaborators, listed below, which is gratefully acknowledged. It must be stressed, however, that the Checklist does not necessarily represent the views of members of the International Organization for Succulent Plant Study, its Executive Board or any individual contributor. The compiler accepts sole responsibility for the content of the Checklist and the taxonomic opinions implied. Salvador Arias (MX), Silvia Arroyo-Leuenberger (DE), Rolando Bárcenas (MX), Ralf Bauer (DE), Karl Werner Beisel (DE), Graham Charles (UK), Pablo Demaio (AR), Urs Eggli (CH), †W.A. Fitz Maurice (MX), Fabian Font (AR), Mario Giorgetta (CH), Carlos Gómez-Hinostrosa (MX), Ulises Guzmán (MX), Héctor Hernández (MX), George S. Hinton (MX), Mats Hjertson (SE), Paul Hoxey (UK), †James Iliff (UK), Fred Kattermann (US), Roberto Kiesling (AR), Myron Kimnach (US), Nadja Korotkova (DE), †Beat Leuenberger (DE), Andrea Long (AR), Martin Lowry (UK), Debora Macdonald (PE), Lucas Majure (US), Massimo Meregalli (IT), Detlev Metzing (DE), Daniel Montesinos (PE), Alessandro Mosco (IT), Reto Nyffeler (CH), Carlos Ostolaza (Peru), Anthony Pauca (Peru), John Pilbeam (UK), Gordon Rowley (UK), Christian Ritz (DE), Elisabeth & Norbert Sarnes (DE), Boris Schlumpberger (DE), Wolfgang Stuppy (UK), Nigel Taylor (SG), Baltasar Trujillo (VE), Carlos Villamil (AR), Robert Wallace (US), Daniela Zappi (BR). David Hunt www.newcactuslexicon.org © 2016 David Hunt CITES Cactaceae Checklist 7 CITES CaCTaCEaE ChECklIST Third Edition Introduction CITES and Cacti Trade in plants of all species of Cactaceae and their parts and derivatives is controlled by the provisions of the CITES convention. Three genera, Pereskia , Pereskiopsis and Quiabentia, are currently exempted, as are artificial propagations of a selected list of hybrids and cultivars. All the others are subject to the provisions of either CITES Appendix II or the more stringent Appendix I, which covers various individual species and some genera in toto (a list of the included genera and species, correct as of 2 January 2017, is given on page 18, copy on page 168). As c hanges to the listings and exemptions may be made at a meeting of the CITES Conference of the Parties, users should seek guidance on these and the application of CITES to plants in particular countries via the national contacts and information section of the CITES website. Checklist background In the 20th century the generic classification of the Cactaceae became increasingly unstable following the replacement of the conservative system established by Schu - mann (1897–99, 1903; 21 genera) by that of Britton & Rose (1919–1923; 124 genera) and further splitting by Backeberg (233 genera) and other authors, mostly amateur. In 1984 an attempt to restore a more conservative system was initiated by members of a working party established by the International Organization for Succulent Study (IOS, a member of the International Union of Biological Sciences). Subsequently, to assist the implementation of the CITES regulations, the 6th Con - ference of the Parties (July 1987) called for the development of a nomenclatorial ref - erence for the Cactaceae (CITES Resolution Conf. 6.20). IOS was invited to undertake the work, adopting its ‘consensus’-based approach. Compilation and publication of the first edition of this Checklist was achieved in 1992 as an official project at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with the collaboration of an international panel of advisers and collaborators. Funding assistance was provided by CITES and the US Scientific Authority for CITES. The Checklist was widely circulated among amateur enthusiasts and nurserymen, as well as the Scientific Authorities for which it was mainly intended, and along with the 2nd edition (1999) may be said to have restored a degree of nomenclatural stability within a framework recognizing less than half the number of genera recognized by Backeberg. The first edition optimistically anticipated that the Checklist would provide the basis of a new manual of the Cactaceae by 1995 but it was not until the present century that overview treatments (Anderson 2001; Hunt et al. 2006), generated with the collaboration of members of the IOS working party (by then the International Cac - taceae Systematics Group), were published. Broadly in line, as regards taxonomy and © 2016 David Hunt 8 CITES Cactaceae Checklist nomenclature, with the CITES Checklist, these treatments have been widely utilized as the classificatory benchmark for regional, biogeographical, conservation-oriented, molecular systematic and other laboratory studies. The later of the two treatments, the New Cactus Lexicon (Hunt et al. 2006; hereinafter ‘NCL’) was accompanied by a separate volume of illustrations featuring over 90% of the recognized species and serving as a useful adjunct to the reference data in the text volume. The text volume itself has been undergoing constant revision since its publication and is to be available as a pdf download, including the reference data for generic names and ‘benchmark’ bibliography formerly included in the Checklis t. The alphabetical listing of currently accepted names of species, subspecies and synonyms that forms the major part of the Checklist is now, in effect, a summary of the c. 4600 entries of names and synonyms in NCL , to which they are individually linked to the Checklist by a 5-digit reference number. The Checklist also includes the relevant plate numbers of the illustrations in the original NCL illustrations volume (2006), since reprinted with minor updating and additions (2013), and concludes with individual lists of the accepted taxa in each of the countries where they occur. Computer aspects Under this heading, details were given in the Preamble to the first edition of the Check - list of the hardware and software used in its preparation. An index of Cactaceae names was initially compiled as a ‘flat’ dBase III table from various reference works including Index Kewensis and additional entries sourced from the IOS publication Repertorium Plantarum Succulentarum or by the compiler and members of the panel of advisers. More recently, the now invaluable IPNI website has been accessed for checking author citations and publication data. Compilation procedure So far as possible, it is the aim of the CITES Cactaceae Checklist to reflect a consen - sus of informed current opinion on the classification and nomenclature to be employed. From 1984 onwards, meetings of the IOS Working Party were held, usually annually, to discuss research in progress on the Cactaceae and its bearing on the classification of the family. Reports of these meetings were published in the IOS Bul - letin (1984–94), Bradleya (1986,1990), Cactaceae Consensus Initiatives (1996–99). In 2000, the ad hoc Working Party was renamed the International Cactaceae System - atics Group (ICSG] and its Bulletin retitled Cactaceae Systematics Initiatives , where further meetings leading to the publication of NCL and the projected second edition have been reported and potential changes announced. The compiler has also con - sulted