MICROBIOLOGY An Evolving Science Joan L. Slonczewski John W. Foster contents 4 Highlights 6 Brief Contents 9 Extended Contents 17 Media Package 21 About the Authors 22 Related Titles 23 Ordering and Information Microbiology An Evolving Science Joan L. Slonczewski, Kenyon College John W. Foster, University of South Alabama Microbiology: An Evolving Science promotes a clear understanding of this rapidly advancing field in two distinctive ways. First, an emphasis on current research, genomics, and molecular genetics enables students to learn how microbiologists think as they master the discipline’s founda- tional topics. Second, a stunning and consistently executed art program helps students visualize key microbiological processes and structures. ■ Hardcover, 1,100 pages ■ ISBN 978-0-393-97857-5 Highlights Microbiology’s emphasis on molecular genetics and genomics teaches students how contemporary microbiologists understand and approach the field. Early coverage of genetics enables the authors to demonstrate the importance of genomics throughout the book. This approach gives students many advantages, including an understanding of how genomes reveal potential metabolic pathways of diverse organisms and how genomics and metagenomics reveal the character of microbial communities. common shapes of bacteria. The shape of current research examples throughout the text enrich students’ under- most bacterial cells can be discerned with light standing of foundational topics. Every chapter presents numerous current microscopy, but their subcellular structures and research examples within the up-to-date framework of molecular biology, surface details cannot be seen. Left: Mediscan/ Visuals Unlimited; center and right: Dennis facilitating the incorporation of the latest research into the foundational Kunkel Microscopy. topics of genetics, physiology, ecology, evolution, and immunology. 4 microbial ecology and medical microbiology receive equal emphasis, with much attention to the merging of these fields. Microbiology provides bal- anced coverage of microbial ecology and medical microbiology. In addition to devoting six chapters to each subject, the authors consider both ecological and medical examples each time a principle is introduced. a stunning and consistently executed art program helps students visu- alize key processes and showcases the latest structural discoveries. Acknowledging that the successful microbiology student must learn to visu- alize key microbiological processes, Microbiology boasts a consistent, unified Viruses infect algae. A virus attaches art program that speaks to today’s visual student and showcases the latest to the surface of a marine phytoplankton, Emiliana huxleyi (SEM). Society for General structural discoveries. Microbiology, Reading, UK in-text features throughout the book aid student understanding and stimu- late inquiry. “Thought Questions” throughout the text prompt students to think about the core concepts. “To Summarize” features ensure that students understand the key concepts of each section before they continue with the reading. And optional “Special Topics” boxes show the process of science and give a human face to the research. conveying the excitement of an evolving scientific field, Microbiology portrays a science that is dynamic, exciting, and full of opportunities for students to do important research as undergraduates now or as graduate students. Each part begins with an interview of a prominent microbiologist working today, and the work of contemporary scientists is presented along- side that of the traditional icons. 5 Brief Contents part i: the microbial cell 1 Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery 2 Observing the Microbial Cell ■4 Chapter 4 introduces the fundamental 3 Cell Structure and Function classes of metabolism, to be developed further in Part III. 4 Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development ■6 Viral genetics is introduced in preparation for 5 Environmental Influence and Control of Microbial Growth the key roles viruses play in microbial genetics, which is covered in Part II. 6 Virus Structure and Function ■Part II Genetics is covered before metabolism, part ii: genes and genomes enabling the authors to show the application of genetic analysis to metabolic questions 7 Genomes and Chromosomes and microbial diversity. Note, however, that metabolism is actually introduced in Chapter 4 8 Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics and that the chapters of Part III can be covered earlier as desired. 9 Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution 10 Molecular Regulation ■■11 Chapter 11 treats examples of viruses in 11 Viral Molecular Biology depth, emphasizing the diversity of molecular mechanisms, such as primers consisting of 12 Molecular Techniques and Biotechnology host-derived proteins or transfer RNA. part iii: metabolism and biochemistry 13 Energetics and Catabolism ■Part III The text presents the fundamental chemistry of metabolism, including full 14 Respiration, Lithotrophy, and Photolysis structural formulas for most pathways. The diversity of bacterial and archaeal energetics 15 Biosynthesis is emphasized. The chapters of Part III can be covered before Part II, as desired. 16 Food and Industrial Microbiology 6 ■Part IV The text presents up-to-date coverage part iV: microbial Diversity and ecology of microbial evolution and a phylogeny-based view of microbial diversity in the three domains. 17 Origins and Evolution The varied roles of microbes in Earth’s bio- sphere are presented, with relevance to global 18 Bacterial Diversity concerns. 19 Archaeal Diversity ■■12 ■■16 ■■22 ■■28 In addition to the numerous 20 Eukaryotic Diversity examples of applied microbiology throughout the text, Parts II through V each conclude with 21 Microbial Ecology a chapter covering the practical applications of the preceding chapters. 22 Microbes and the Global Environment ■Part V The microbial fundamentals and re- part V: medicine and immunology search perspectives of Parts I–IV are applied to show how modern research reveals causative 23 Human Microflora and Nonspecific Host Defenses agents and develops new therapies. 24 The Adaptive Immune Response 25 Microbial Pathogenesis ■■26 An organ systems approach is used 26 Microbial Diseases to discuss disease in terms of the different microorganisms that can cause a given set of 27 Antimicrobial Chemotherapy symptoms. Patient case histories illustrate key concepts of microbial diseases while showing 28 Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology students the clues used to rule out or rule in different possible causes. appendices Appendices For students in need of review, a1 Biological Molecules two appendices present essential material from introductory biology. a2 Introductory Cell Biology 7 moDel of a bacterial cell. enVelope: The cell Bacterial Cell Components membrane contains embedded proteins for Ribosome structure and transport. cytoplasm: Molecules Outer membrane proteins: mRNA of nascent messenger RNA (mRNA) extend out Sugar porin (10 nm) E of the nucleoid to the region of the cytoplasm P Braun lipoprotein (8 nm) 50S rich in ribosomes. nucleoiD: The chromosomal A DNA is wrapped around binding proteins. Inner membrane proteins: Flagellum Polypeptide Glyceral porin 30S Secretory complex (Sec) Lipopolysaccharide ATP synthase (20 nm diameter in inner membrane; 32 nm total Outer membrane Envelope height) Cell wall Flagellar Periplasm Periplasmic proteins: motor Inner membrane Arabinose-binding protein (cell membrane) (3 nm x 3 nm x 6 nm) Acid resistance chaperone (HdeA) (3 nm x 3 nm x 6 nm) Disulfide bond protein (DsbA) Ribosome (3 nm x 3 nm x 6 nm) DNA-binding protein Cytoplasmic proteins: Peptide Pyruvate kinase Cytoplasm (5 nm x 10 nm x 10 nm) HU Phosphofructokinase RNA (4 nm x 7 nm x 7 nm) Proteasome (12 nm x 12 nm x 15 nm) Chaperonin GroEL RNA (18 nm x 14 nm) polymerase Other proteins RNA polymerase Transcription and translation complexes: RNA Polymerase (10 x 10 x 16 nm) DNA bridging protein H-NS Ribosome (21 x 21 x 21 nm) DNA DNA-binding Nucleoid Nucleoid components: protein HU DNA (2.4 nm wide x 3.4 nm/10 bp) RNA DNA DNA-binding protein (3 x 3 x 5 nm) DNA-bridging protein (3 x 3 x 5 nm) 50 nm Extended Contents part i: the microbial cell Bacterial Cell Components 1 microbial life: origin and Discovery presents the history of microbial Ribosome Outer membrane proteins: discovery from ancient times up to the present day, including twentieth- mRNA Sugar porin (10 nm) century discoverers of gene cloning, the archaeal domain, and the ubiquity of E Braun lipoprotein (8 nm) horizontal gene transfer. P 50S A Inner membrane proteins: Flagellum Polypeptide Glyceral porin 2 observing the microbial cell presents microscopy as the key tool of 30S Secretory complex (Sec) microbial discovery, from an in-depth treatment of light microscopy and Lipopolysaccharide ATP synthase (20 nm diameter electron microscopy to examples of confocal fluorescence and scanning probe in inner membrane; 32 nm total Outer membrane Envelope height) microscopy. In-depth coverage of microscopy helps the student evaluate Cell wall models of the cell presented in Part II, Genes and Genomes, and Part III, Flagellar Periplasm Periplasmic proteins: motor Metabolism and Biochemistry. Inner membrane Arabinose-binding protein (cell membrane) (3 nm x 3 nm x 6 nm) Acid resistance chaperone (HdeA) (3 nm x 3 nm x 6 nm) 3 cell structure and function emphasizes the functional unity of the cell, Disulfide bond protein (DsbA) Ribosome (3 nm x 3 nm x 6 nm) from envelope to nucleoid. Coverage