U.S. Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Management Keystone Peak Prescribed Burn Environmental Assessment DOI-BLM-AZ-G020-2015-0009-EA 1 Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 8 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 8 1.2 Purpose and Need .................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Decision to be Made .............................................................................................................................. 11 1.4 Conformance with Land Use Plan .......................................................................................................... 11 1.5 Scoping and Issues ................................................................................................................................ 12 1.5.1 Internal Scoping ................................................................................................................................ 12 1.5.2 External Scoping ............................................................................................................................... 12 1.5.3 Issues Identified ................................................................................................................................ 12 2 DESCRIPTION OF ALTERNATIVES ............................................................................. 13 2.1 Proposed Action .................................................................................................................................... 13 2.1.1 Resource Management Objectives ..................................................................................................... 13 2.1.2 Pre-burn Preparation Work ................................................................................................................ 13 2.1.3 Ignition Techniques ........................................................................................................................... 15 2.1.4 Minimum Organization or Capabilities Needed ................................................................................. 16 2.1.5 Holding Plan ..................................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.6 Scheduling ........................................................................................................................................ 17 2.1.7 Monitoring ........................................................................................................................................ 17 2.2 Proposed Action Project Design Features .............................................................................................. 20 2.2.1 Best Management Practices ............................................................................................................... 20 2.2.2 Fire/Fuels Conservation Measures ..................................................................................................... 24 2.2.3 Amphibians ....................................................................................................................................... 27 2.2.4 Flowering Plants................................................................................................................................ 28 2.2.5 Mammals .......................................................................................................................................... 28 2.3 No Action Alternative............................................................................................................................ 29 2.4 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Analysis ............................................................ 30 2.3.4 Relationship to Statutes, Regulations, or Other Plans ................................................................................. 30 2.5 2.4 Resources Analyzed in Detail .......................................................................................................... 33 3 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENT ......................................................................................... 35 3.1 Project Area Description .......................................................................... 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Bookmark not defined. 3.2 Ecological Site Description .................................................................................................................... 35 3.2.1 Granitic Hills 12”-16” p.z. ................................................................................................................. 36 3.2.2 Reference Conditions ........................................................................................................................ 37 3.2.3 Desired Future Conditions ................................................................................................................. 39 2 3.3 Current Conditions ................................................................................................................................ 39 3.3.1 Monitoring Data ................................................................................................................................ 40 3.3.2 Fire Regime Condition Class ............................................................................................................. 41 3.4 Elements/Resources of the Human Environment .................................................................................... 43 3.5 Resources Brought Forward for Analysis ............................................................................................... 48 3.5.1 Air Quality ........................................................................................................................................ 48 3.5.2 Cultural Resources ............................................................................................................................ 50 3.5.3 Grazing Management ........................................................................................................................ 50 3.5.4 Native American Religious Concerns ................................................................................................ 51 3.5.5 Rangeland Health .............................................................................................................................. 52 3.5.6 Soils .................................................................................................................................................. 54 3.5.7 Threatened, Endangered, and Candidate Species ............................................................................... 55 3.5.8 Wildlife and Fisheries........................................................................................................................ 68 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES ......................................................................... 73 4.1 Environmental Consequences of the Proposed Action............................................................................ 73 4.1.1 Air Quality ........................................................................................................................................ 73 4.1.2 Cultural Resources ............................................................................................................................ 74 4.1.3 Grazing Management ........................................................................................................................ 74 4.1.4 Rangeland Health .............................................................................................................................. 75 4.1.5 Native American Religious Concerns ................................................................................................ 75 4.1.6 Soils .................................................................................................................................................. 75 4.1.7 Threatened, Endangered, and Candidate Species ............................................................................... 75 4.1.8 Wildlife and Fisheries........................................................................................................................ 84 4.2 Environmental Consequences of the No Action Alternative ................................................................... 86 4.2.1 Air Quality ........................................................................................................................................ 86 4.2.2 Cultural Resources ............................................................................................................................ 86 4.2.3 Grazing Management ........................................................................................................................ 86 4.2.4 Native American Religious Concerns ................................................................................................ 86 4.2.5 Rangeland Health ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2.6 Soils .................................................................................................................................................. 86 4.2.7 Threatened, Endangered,