Week 3: The Rise of the Polis Lecture 4, Ethics and Values in Homer, Key Words Anthropomorphism Dios Diotrephes Isothesos The Greek tragic view Enlightenment Individualism Hedonism Nihilism Chance The Heroic Ethic (aein aristeuein) Agonal society Oikos Apollo on his tripod, Berlin painter, 5th century Kleos Hector Achilles Troy Salamis Aristocratic Ethos Greek bible Alexander the Great Arête Menin Andra Aeneid Politicon zoon Calypso Rousseau Cyclopes Nomoi Mythos Hybris Ate Nemesis Sophrosune Psyché Odysseus escapes cave of Cyclops under the ram 1 Lecture 5, The Emergence of the Polis, Key Words The Archaic Period Olympic Games Hellenism Al Mina Plato (Epinomos) Ischia Syracuse Ur Kish Alcaeus Thucydides Aristotle Phocaea Themistocles Xenophon Acropolis Attica Poleis Agora Hesiod Basileis Codrus Tarquinius Superbus Archaic: Male: Statuette of runner, from Olympia, ca. 480 Archilochus Greek Lyric Tyrtaeus Solon Croesus Pericles Autonomy Achilles: red figure amphora, Chiron with child Achilles, 520 2 Chronological Table for the Archaic Period 800 Greeks develop an alphabet 776 first Olympic games 750-500 Greek Renaissance/Archaic Period (Rise of trade, industry, and colonization) 750-700 City-states emerge; Homers composes Iliad (750) and Odyssey (720) 730-700 First Messenian War; Lelantine War 720 “Orientalizing period” in Greek art 700-650 development of hoplite phalanx warfare; Hesiod composes Theogony; Works and Days 687-652 Gyges of Lydia 675 Archilochus, Greek lyric poet from Paros, active 670-500 Tyrants rule in many city-states 669 Battle of Hysiae; Pheidon of Argos defeats the Spartans with his hoplite phalanx. 664 First naval battle of Greeks on record between Corinth and Corcyra 655 tyrants Pheidon at Argos and Cypselus at Corinth (Pheidon possibly the first to mint coins) 650 Second Messenian War; Tyrtaeus Spartan poet of war 650 Colonization of Black Sea areas begins; “Lycurgan Reforms” at Sparta; the “Great Rhetra”; earliest known stone inscription of a law; first temples built of marble and stone; Corinthian black-figure technique; Lydians mint the first electrum coins 632 Cylon’s attempted tyranny at Athens aided by Theagenes, tyrant of Megara 627 Periander tyrant of Corinth 621 Draco’s law code 594 Solon’s archonship 585-546 Milesian (or Ionian) school; the first Greek philosophers/scientists; members include Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes 585 Thales of Miletus predicts the solar eclipse of 28 May 566 Great Panathenaea first established 560-547/6 Croesus king of Lydia 559-530 Cyrus the Great King of Persia 550 Anaximander draws first map of the world; Theognis, aristocratic poet of Megara, active 546-528/7 Peisistratus tyrant of Athens (unsuccessful attempts in 561/0 and in 557/6) 530-522 Cambyses King of Persia 527-510 Hippias tyrant of Athens 521-486 Darius I King of Persia 508/7 ‘Cleisthenic Revolution’ 500-400 Ionian logographers; the predecessors and contemporaries of Herodotus who were the pioneers of history-writing and the earliest Greek prose writers, especially Hecataeus of Miletus who wrote a pioneering work of systematic geography, Periegesis, and a mythographic work, the Genealogies. 500 Hecataeus advises against the Ionian revolt 3.