Lawrence County, Pennsylvania 2020 Hazard Mitigation Plan Certification of Annual Review Meetings PUBLIC DATE OF YEAR OUTREACH SIGNATURE MEETING ADDRESSED? * 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 *Confirm yes here annually and describe on record of change page. ii Lawrence County, Pennsylvania 2020 Hazard Mitigation Plan Record of Changes DESCRIPTION OF CHANGE MADE, MITI- CHANGE MADE CHANGE MADE DATE GATION ACTION COMPLETED, OR PUB- BY (PRINT NAME) BY (SIGNATURE) LIC OUTREACH PERFORMED REMINDER: Please attach all associated meeting agendas, sign-in sheets, handouts and minutes. iii Lawrence County, Pennsylvania 2020 Hazard Mitigation Plan Table of Contents Certification of Annual Review Meetings .................................................................................................... ii Record of Changes ....................................................................................................................................... iii Figures ......................................................................................................................................................... vi Tables ......................................................................................................................................................... viii Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Purpose ...................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Scope ......................................................................................................................................... 4 1.4. Authority and Reference ........................................................................................................... 5 2. Community Profile ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.1. Geography and Environment .................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Community Facts ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.3. Population and Demographics ................................................................................................ 11 2.4. Land Use and Development .................................................................................................... 14 2.5. Data Sources ........................................................................................................................... 15 3. Planning Process ............................................................................................................................. 22 3.1. Update Process and Participation Summary ........................................................................... 22 3.2. The Planning Team ................................................................................................................. 23 3.3. Meetings and Documentation ................................................................................................. 25 3.4. Public and Stakeholder Participation ...................................................................................... 26 3.5. Multi-Jurisdictional Planning .................................................................................................. 27 4. Risk Assessment ............................................................................................................................. 29 4.1. Update Process Summary ....................................................................................................... 29 4.2. Hazard Identification ............................................................................................................... 30 4.2.1. Presidential and Gubernatorial Disaster Declarations ..................................................... 30 4.2.2. Summary of Hazards ....................................................................................................... 31 4.2.3. Climate Change ............................................................................................................... 38 4.3. Hazard Profiles ....................................................................................................................... 39 4.3.1. Drought ........................................................................................................................... 39 4.3.2. Earthquake ...................................................................................................................... 51 iv Lawrence County, Pennsylvania 2020 Hazard Mitigation Plan 4.3.3. Extreme Temperatures .................................................................................................... 56 4.3.4. Flood, Flash Flood and Ice Jams ..................................................................................... 61 4.3.5. Hurricane, Tropical Storms ............................................................................................. 70 4.3.6. Invasive Species .............................................................................................................. 74 4.3.7. Landslides ....................................................................................................................... 84 4.3.8. Lightning Strike .............................................................................................................. 86 4.3.9. Pandemic and Infectious Disease .................................................................................... 91 4.3.10. Radon Exposure ............................................................................................................ 102 4.3.11. Tornadoes and Windstorms .......................................................................................... 107 4.3.12. Wildfire ......................................................................................................................... 116 4.3.13. Winter Storms ............................................................................................................... 125 4.3.14. Civil Disturbance .......................................................................................................... 131 4.3.15. Dam Failure .................................................................................................................. 133 4.3.16. Disorientation ................................................................................................................ 135 4.3.17. Drowning ...................................................................................................................... 137 4.3.18. Emergency Services ...................................................................................................... 140 4.3.19. Environmental Hazards ................................................................................................. 143 4.3.20. Nuclear Incidents .......................................................................................................... 153 4.3.21. Opioid Epidemic ........................................................................................................... 156 4.3.22. Terrorism ....................................................................................................................... 160 4.3.23. Transportation Accidents .............................................................................................. 168 4.3.24. Urban Fire and Explosions ............................................................................................ 178 4.3.25. Utility Interruptions....................................................................................................... 181 4.4. Hazard Vulnerability Summary ............................................................................................ 186 4.4.1. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 186 4.4.2. Ranking Results ............................................................................................................ 189 4.4.3. Potential Loss Estimates ............................................................................................... 190 4.4.4. Future Development and Vulnerability ......................................................................... 194 5. Capability Assessment .................................................................................................................. 196 5.1. Update Process Summary ..................................................................................................... 196 5.2. Capability Assessment Findings ........................................................................................... 196 5.2.1. Planning and Regulatory Capability ............................................................................. 196 5.2.2. Administrative and Technical Capability ...................................................................... 201 v Lawrence County, Pennsylvania 2020 Hazard