Index A nail AA . See Alopecia areata (AA) anatomy , 20, 21 Abdominoplasty , 393–395 sonography , 21–23 Abscess , 75–76, 576 sebaceous glands Acanthosis nigricans , 576 anatomy , 23 Acne inversa . See Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) sonography , 23 Acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) , 492, 576 Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute (AFRRI) , 367 Acne vulgaris , 576 Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) Acousto-optical elastography (AOE) , 270 clinical aspects , 207, 208 Acquired digital fi brokeratoma , 576 dilated anechoic vascular channels , 189 Acrochordon , 576 erythematous swelling Acrokeratosis verruciformis , 576 in helix, left ear pinna , 212–213 Acrylic nails , 392, 446 in right cheek , 214–215 Actinic keratoses , 576 high- fl ow AVM Actinic prurigo , 576 erythematous and scaly bump, right ring fi nger , 210–211 Actinic purpura , 576 erythematous and scaly lesion, right clavicular region , 209 Actinomycosis , 576 MRI , 186–187 Adiposis dolorosa , 576 resistive index , 217 AFRRI . See Armed Forces Radiobiology Research small subcutaneous lesion , 216 Institute (AFRRI) subcutaneous soft tissue mass , 216–217 AKN . See Acne keloidalis nuchae (AKN) spectral wave analysis , 191 ALHE . See Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with Ashy dermatosis , 577 eosinophilia (ALHE) Atopic dermatitis , 577 Alopecia , 576 Atrophia maculosa varioliformis cutis , 577 scarring alopecias ( see Scarring alopecias) Atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini , 577 trichilemmal cyst , 131, 132, 483–486 Atypical fi broxanthoma , 577 Alopecia areata (AA) , 430, 576 AVMs . See Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) Amelanotic melanomas (AMs) , 264 Androgenetic alopecia , 576 Anetoderma , 576–577 B Angioedema , 577 Bacillary angiomatosis , 578 Angiokeratoma , 235–236, 577 Balanoposthitis , 578 Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum , 577 Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) , 578 Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia chest , 610 (ALHE) , 577 face , 591 Angiomas , 577 histology , 250 Aplasia cutis (AC) , 61 history , 605 Aplasia cutis congenital , 577 in left nasal wing , 251 Apocrine hidrocystoma , 577 lower eyelid, orbicular muscle of , 256 Apoptosis , 368 morpheaform basal cell carcinoma , 253–254 Appendages nasal cartilage , 255, 257 apocrine and mammary glands recurrent basal cell carcinoma , 258 anatomy , 25 scalp , 497, 498 sonography , 25 sonography report , 605–606 eccrine glands swelling, right nasofold line , 251 anatomy , 23 technique , 605 sonography , 23 torso , 591 hair Basaloid follicular hamartoma , 578 anatomy , 21, 22 B-cell cutaneous lymphomas , 276–280 sonography , 22–25 Becker’s nevus , 578 X. Wortsman, G.B.E. Jemec (eds.), Dermatologic Ultrasound with Clinical and Histologic Correlations, 613 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-7184-4, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 614 Index Behçet’s syndrome , 578 Chondritis , 553–555 Benign skin tumors Chondrodermatitis nodularis helices , 579 cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia , 166 Chronic venous insuf fi ciency (CVI) , 79–80 dermoid cyst , 133–135 Clark classi fi cation , 264, 595 epidermal cyst ( see Epidermal cyst) Clavus , 579 fi bromatous tumors CLC . See Cutaneous lymphangioma circumscriptum (CLC) dermato fi bromas , 146–147 CLE . See Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) elasto fi broma dorsi , 149 Clear cell acanthoma , 579 nodular fasciitis , 148 CLH . See Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH) hydrocystoma , 172–173 CM . See Congenital malalignment (CM) keloid , 167–171 Completion lymphadenectomy (CLND) , 294 lipomatous tumors , 143–145 Computer aid diagnosis (CAD) , 177–180 mastocytoma , 165 Congenital autosomal recessive ichthyosis (CARI) , 69, 431 neurogenic tumors Congenital disorders, skin neuro fi broma ( see Neuro fi broma) aplasia cutis , 61 neuromas , 158 branchial clefts/cysts , 42 schwannoma , 150–152 broncogenic cysts , 44 pilomatrixomas ( see Pilomatrixomas) Buske-Ollendorf disease , 62 pilonidal cyst dermoid cysts , 45–46 intergluteal region , 136–139 dilated preauricular sinus , 40, 41 risk factors , 136 fi stulae , 40 steatocystoma multiplex , 128–129 genodermatoses , 39 synovial cyst , 140–142 hemangiomas ( see Hemangiomas) trichilemmal cysts , 130–132 ichthyosis , 69–70 trichoepitheliomas , 164 lipoidoproteinosis , 63 Black heel , 578 neural fi brolipomatosis , 68 Blepharoplasty , 396–397 neuro fi bromatosis ( see Neuro fi bromatosis (NF)) Blisters , 587–588 pits , 40 Blood vessels preauricular sinus , 40 anatomy , 29 thyroglossal cysts/ducts , 43 sonography , 29, 30 vascular malformations Blue nevi , 578 arterial malformation , 55, 56 Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome , 578 lymphatic malformations , 60 Botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) , 375 venous malformations , 57–59 Bowen disease , 578 Congenital malalignment (CM) , 427–428 Bowenoid papulosis , 578 Congenital nevi , 579 Branchial cleft cysts , 42, 513–514, 578 Connective tissue nevi , 579 Breslow classi fi cation , 264, 595 Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) , 14 Broncogenic cyst , 44 melanoma , 270, 300–304 Brooke-Spiegler syndrome , 164 microbubbles , 11 Bullous pemphigoid , 578 squamous cell carcinoma ( see Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)) Bursae , 545–546 Cosmetic fi llers anatomy , 27, 29, 30 endogenous nodular fasciitis , 545 autologous fat , 384–385 olecranon , 546 platelet rich plasma , 386 Buske-Ollendorf disease , 62 exogenous calcium hydroxyapatite , 383, 384 hyaluronic acid , 375–377 C PAAG , 383, 384 CAD . See Computer aid diagnosis (CAD) polymethylmetacrylate , 382–384 Café-au-lait macule , 578 silicone , 378–381 Calcinosis cutis , 578–579 Cosmetic procedures Calcium hydroxyapatite , 383 adjuvant supplement protocols , 368–369 Caliber persistent arteries (CPA) , 29–31 applications , 367–368 CARI . See Congenital autosomal recessive ichthyosis (CARI) blepharoplasty , 396–397 Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) , 522 botulinum toxin , 375 Cartilage Doppler ultrasound , 369 anatomy , 27 facial anatomy auricular cartilage , 240, 242 greater auricular nerve , 357, 360 BCC , 255, 257 infraorbital nerve , 359, 360 chondritis , 553–555 marginal mandibular branch , 357, 361 olecranon process , 61 mental nerve , 359, 363 sonography , 27, 29 supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves , 359, 361 Cat scratch disease , 506, 507 temporal branch , 357–359 Cellulitis , 579 zygomatic and buccal branches , 357, 359, 361 CEUS . See Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) factors Chancroid , 579 b -Sit/AOX matrix , 370–371 Cheilitis granulomatous , 579 cell membrane elasticity , 369 Index 615 coenzyme Q10 , 370–371 in right eyebrow , 133, 134 in fl ammation , 369 “sac-of-marble” sign , 45 membrane permeability and intra-cellular small , 45 environment , 369 epidermal cyst natural synergism and potentiation , 370 causes , 120 phytosterols , 370 giant in fl ammed epidermal cyst , 125 synergy , 370 in fl ammed epidermal cyst , 123 fi llers ( see Cosmetic fi llers) intact epidermal cyst , 121–122 holistic strategy , 368 partial rupture , 126 implants , 391 “pseudotestes” appearance , 124 liposuction-abdominoplasty , 393–395 sonographic patterns of , 120 mesotherapy , 387–388 total rupture , 127 molecular and cellular level, mechanisms mucous cysts , 463 free radicals , 366 myxoid cysts , 140, 414 gamma tocopherol and tocotrienols , 367 pilar cysts , 130 nitric oxide, role of , 366 pilonidal cyst photoaging , 374 intergluteal region , 136–139 rhinoplasty , 398 risk factors , 136 scars, medical management of , 368 steatocystoma multiplex , 128–129 surgery, risks of , 366 synovial cyst , 470–472 tensor threads , 390 middle fi nger , 142 testosterone injections , 389 periungual region , 140 thermal ultrasound treatments right upper sternal region , 141 cryolipolisis , 371–372 thyroglossal cysts/ducts , 43, 513 lasers , 371 trichilemmal cysts , 130–132, microfocused ultrasound , 371 483–486, 585 photodynamic therapy , 371 radiofrequency , 371 vitamin E , 367 D wound healing ( see Wound healing) Dandy–Walker malformation , 47 CPA . See Caliber persistent arteries (CPA) Darier disease , 582 Cryolipolisis , 371–372 Dercum disease , 576 CTS . See Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) Dermatitis herpetiformis , 579 Cutaneous angiomyxoma , 242, 244 Dermato fi bromas , 146–147, 579 Cutaneous angiosarcoma , 244–246, 274 Dermato fi brosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) , Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) , 101–104 271–273, 579 Cutaneous lymphangioma circumscriptum (CLC) , 241 Dermatologic classi fi cations Cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH) , 166 affected region, diagnosis Cutaneous lymphomas. See also Soft-tissue lymphomas face , 591 B cell lymphoma , 276–280 feet , 593 mycosis fungoides , 276 groin and pubic area , 592 Sezary’s syndrome , 276 hair and scalp , 590 STCL , 276 hands , 592–593 Cutaneous vascular tumors midline cutaneous lesions , 593 benign nail diseases , 593 angiokeratoma , 235–236 oral disorders , 591 cutaneous angiomyxoma , 242, 244 trunk , 22–24 epithelioid hemangioma , 240, 242 differential diagnosis glomus tumor-glomangioma , 238–240 blisters , 587–588 kaposiform hemangioendothelioma , 237–238 hives , 590 lymphangioma , 241, 243 macules , 590 pyogenic granuloma , 240, 241 nodule , 588–589 verrucous hemangioma , 236–237 non hyperkeratotic plaques , 588 malignant papule , 588 cutaneous angiosarcoma , 244–246 plaques , 588 Kaposi’s sarcoma , 245–247 pustule , 588 Cutis laxa , 579 solid tumor , 589 Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenital , 579 ulcer , 590 Cutis verticis gyrate , 579 vascular malformations , 590 CVI . See Chronic venous insuf fi ciency (CVI) vascular tumour , 590 Cylindroma , 579 vesicle , 588 Cystadenolymphoma . See Warthin’s tumor melanoma Cysts Breslow thickness , 594 branchial cysts