View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by InfinityPress Journal of Studies in Social Sciences ISSN 2201-4624 Volume 2 (2013), Number 1, 1-30 Analysis of Change in Population Structure: The Case Northeastern Montenegro Goran Rajović (Corresponding author) Street Vojvode Stepe No. 252, Beograd Jelisavka Bulatović College of Textile Design, Technology and Management, Street Starine Novaka No.20, Belgrade, Serbia Abstract: This paper analyzes changes in the demographic structure of population in northeastern Montenegro, in the example of the municipality Berane, Andrijevica and Plav. Population age structure is changing, and takes unfavorable characteristics, reduces the proportion of younger and increases the proportion of elderly population. Disturbed age structure has a reverse effect on the movement of the population (the size of reproductive contingent), but also to all other population structure (size of contingent employment, population, mandatory school contingent, relationship maintenance). Despite significant changes in the demographic structures of all northeastern Montenegro, retains the characteristics of ethnically very heterogeneous environment. Keywords: Northeastern Montenegro, population, population structure INTRODUCTION Question of the relationship between the economy and population can be approached from many sides, because of so much importance to attract the attention of many scientific disciplines. But, if the component is "population" in its demographic organic content, it is apparently possible to approach this issue as follows: from the standpoint 2 Journal of Studies in Social Sciences of economics, from the standpoint of science and interdisciplinary population - economic and demographic standpoint. Our interest here is not the first and the second approach, although of great theoretical and practical importance. Limit ourselves only to the third, so we tried to establish, as the economic life in northeastern Montenegro has changed under the influence of social conditions (Rajović, 2005). Northeastern Montenegro is characterized in terms of demographic changes in age and gender, education, economic and ethnic structure of population. Slow transformation of the population; have contributed to a number of economic and noneconomic factors. They are, among other things, reflected in the rise and rapid decline in non-agricultural rural population, it is a negative selection resulted in a very unfavorable economic structure of the population, from the standpoint of labor and productive capacity (Nikolić, 1978). Such uncontrolled demographic processes are not accompanied by adequate measures other necessary changes in the economy of northeastern Montenegro, which has been shown that the qualitative properties of optimal population and favorable economic structure, now a component in guiding the transformation of space, the decisive factor in the differentiation and polarization of the environment. I understand the development of integrated, as a progressive quantitative and qualitative change of the economy, population and society, and relations among them, must take a holistic approach to the problem, and that means that it must be observed and explained by a number of different factors, the nature and significance of economic development, and evaluate its performance in the whole system (Macura, 1997). The aim of the research is to show fundamental changes in the demographic structure of population in northeastern Montenegro, and to analyze the tendencies of social and economic development factors. The purpose of the research is to determine how much analyzed and displayed differentiated processes of social and economic development, an overall factor of disturbance of social and economic development of the observed periodically. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The core of the methodological procedure used in this study makes the geographic 3 Journal of Studies in Social Sciences (spatial) method, which included the northeastern region of Montenegro, whose composition includes municipalities: Berane, Andrijevica and Plav. To collect data related to basic demographic and geographic factors of development, we used the statistical method. Comparative method allowed us to social development factors northeastern Montenegro look through the comparison of the population of the municipality: Berane, Andrijevica and Plav. Permeated through the entire text of the method and integrity, thanks to which we were able to identify, define and assess possible limitations of demographic and economic development. The scientific explanation of terms, by two methods as follows: analytical and synthetic. Analytical methods were considered certain demographic and economic dimensions of the research topic. Since work has essentially synthetic character, the results published in the international literature. Among them this opportunity to emphasize this: Erlandsen and Nymoen (2008), Risman (2004), Carter (1999), Thakur (2011). ANALYSIS OF RESULTS AND THEIR INTERPRETATIONS Changes in demographic structure of population Demographic structures express different quantitative and qualitative characteristics such as age, gender, activity, education, nationality, religion. Structural characteristics of the population of the northeastern part of Montenegro are characterized by significant changes in the second half of the twentieth and early twenty-first century, which reflect changes in the economy and society. The biological structure of the population (age and sex) is important for current and future demographic and economic development of the region, because they derive from it key contingents of the population, both for biological reproduction, and for the formation of working contingent. Changes in the age structure of population Population age structure of the considered area, due to migration and reducing birth rates will change and take on unfavorable characteristics - reduced the proportion of 4 Journal of Studies in Social Sciences younger and increases the proportion of elderly people. In both cases, the age structure of a disturbed feedback of the movement of the population (the size of reproductive contingent), but also to all other population structure (size of contingent employment, population, mandatory school contingent, relationship maintenance), which are essential for the development of population and economic activity in the region. State and changes in age structure data illustrate the degree of participation of certain age groups in the population. Comparing the age structure of population 1961 and 2003, reveals the changes and development of an asymmetric age pyramid. Great sex-age imbalance in groups secondary eternal older and older population (see Table 1), the effects of the First and Second World War and emigration (especially male) population in the postwar period. There is a significant decrease group of 15-19 years of age due to lower birth rates in wartime 1940- 45. Higher share of age group of 0-4 years, 5-9 years and 10-14 years is the result of the increased birth rate in the period after World War II. According to the census of 2003 are due to decreased fertility in the last decade of narrowing the base of the age structure. Note the lack of children less than 5 years than in the group of 10-14 years. According to the age of the population can be divided in young (0-19 years), middle-younger (20-39 years), middle-elderly (40-59 years) and old (60 years and over). In this region of Montenegro, there is a small proportion of the young generation, which in the period 1961-2003, down from 49.18% to 31.00%. A greater share of generation in relation to 2003, the result is a more natural growth. Participation generation of 20-39 years in the same period slightly increased from 27.89% to 27.91%. The share of older generations recorded an increase, by a group of 40-59 years increased from 14.20% to 22.68% and a group of over 60 years with 8.73% to 18.41% (see table 1). In the group of 60-64 years the population increased from 1 802 or 2.86% to 2 657 or 4.86% and over 65 years of 3 696 and 5.87% in 7 431 and 13.60% (see table 1). Young people are considered in which the age group of 0-19 years accounted for more than 35%, and the old one in which a group of 60 years and over accounts for more than 12% of the population. According to this classification, the studied population of geo- space 1961 was young, and the 2003 notes aging. In the period 1961-2003, the share of older population has increased from 8.73% to 18.46%, a decrease of young 49.18% to 5 Journal of Studies in Social Sciences 31.00% (see table 1). If we consider that the population aged 0-14 years, young, mature, and 15-65 years over 65 years old, then in this part of north-eastern Montenegro in 2003, the young population occurred 22.57%, 63.83% mature old and 13.60%. Table 1. Age structure of population according to census region 1961 and 2003 1961 2003 Total Total Berane Andrijevica Plav Age groups Numb Numb Numb Num Numb % % % % % er er er ber er 0 - 4 9.554 15,17 3.809 6,97 2.371 6,76 382 6,60 1.056 7,65 5 - 9 8.417 13,36 4.137 7,57 2.657 7,58 318 5,50 1.162 8,42 10 - 14 7.460 11,84 4.388 8,03 2.722 7,76 395 6,83 1.271 9,21 15 - 19 5.549 8,81 4.607 8,43 2.843 8,11 437 7,55 1.327 9,61 20 - 24 5.940 9,43 4.352 7,96 2.882 8,22 432 7,47 1.038 7,52 25 - 29 4.527 7,19 3.826 7,00 2.564 7,31 376 6,50 886 6,42 30 -34 4.199 6,67 3.477 6,36 2.344 6,68 342 5,91 791 5,73 35 -39 2.896 4,60 3.602 6,59 2.370 6,76 374 6,46 858 6,22 40 - 44 2.315 3,67 3.730 6,83 2.383 6,74 400 6,91 947 6,86 45 - 49 2.453 3,90 3.476 6,36 2.215 6,32 403 6,97 858 6,22 50 - 54 2.332 3,70 3.009 5,50 2.013 5,74 340 5,88 656 4,75 55 - 59 1.845 2,93 2.155 3,94 1.405 4,01 211 3,65 539 3,90 60 - 64 1.802 2,86 2.657 4,86 1.767 5,04 314 5,43 576 4,17 65+ 3.696 5,87 7.431 13,60 4.532 12,92 1.061 18,34 1.840 13,32 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 Total 62.985 54.656 35.064 5.785 13.805 0 0 0 0 0 Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro, Census of Population (appropriate year), calculations by 6 Journal of Studies in Social Sciences Table 2.