District Survey Report - 2018 DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND GEOLOGY Government of Andhra Pradesh DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT KURNOOL DISTRICT Prepared by ANDHRA PRADESH SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE (APSAC) ITE&C Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DMG, GoAP 1 District Survey Report - 2018 APSAC wishes to place on record its sincere thanks to Sri. B.Sreedhar IAS, Secretary to Government (Mines) and the Director, Department of Mines and Geology, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh for entrusting the work for preparation of District Survey Reports of Andhra Pradesh. The team gratefully acknowledge the help of the Commissioner, Horticulture Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh and the Director, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Planning Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh for providing valuable statistical data and literature. The project team is also thankful to all the Joint Directors, Deputy Directors, Assistant Directors and the staff of Mines and Geology Department for their overall support and guidance during the execution of this work. Also sincere thanks are due to the scientific staff of APSAC who has generated all the thematic maps. VICE CHAIRMAN APSAC DMG, GoAP 2 District Survey Report - 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Contents Page 1. Salient Features of Kurnool District 1 1.1 Administrative Setup 1 1.2 Drainage 2 1.3 Climate and Rainfall 3 1.4 Transport and Communications 8 1.5 Population and Literacy 9 1.6 Important Places 11 1.6a Places of Tourist Interest 12 1.6b Places of Religious and Cultural importance 14 1.6c Places of Economic and Commercial importance 16 2. Land Utilization, Forest and Slope 18 2.1 Land Use / Land Cover Classification 19 2.2 Slope Map of the District 33 2.3 Forest Cover Distribution 34 3. Agricultural Resources in the Kurnool District 36 3.1. Agriculture and Soils 36 3.2. Kharif Rice Estimation using SAR data 38 3.3 Kharif and Rabi crop acreage Estimation using Optical 38 Remote sensing data: 3.4. Horticulture of Kurnool District 41 4. Water Resources and Irrigation Resources of the District 49 4.1 River basin in Kurnool District 49 4.2 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects in Kurnool District 50 4.2.1 Major Irrigation Project 51 DMG, GoAP 3 District Survey Report - 2018 4.2.2 Medium Irrigation Project 52 4.3 Tank Information System 53 4.4 Ground Water Scenario and Quality of the District 54 4.4.1 Geomorphology of the District 54 4.4.1a Landforms of Crystalline aquifers: 55 4.4.1b Consolidated Sedimentary Formation 56 4.5 Ground Water Prospects in the District 56 4.6 Ground Water Level Scenario 57 4.7. Ground Water Resources 59 4.8 Ground Water Quality of the District 60 4.9 Status of Ground Water Development 62 5. Geology and Mineral Resources of the Kurnool District 64 5.1 Geology of Kurnool District 64 5.2 Mineral Resources of Kurnool District 67 6. Details of Major and Minor Minerals Their Production 69 6.1 Mineral Resource of Kurnool District 69 6.2 Details of Mineral Resources of Kurnool District 69 6.3 Mineral Based Industries in Kurnool District 74 6.4 Overview of Mining Activity in Banaganapalle Mandal, 77 Kurnool District References 81 LIST OF FIGURES DMG, GoAP 4 District Survey Report - 2018 Figure Page Fig.1 Administrative Boundaries of Kurnool District 1 Fig.2 Drainage Network and Surface Water bodies 3 Fig: 3 Automatic Weather Stations in Kurnool District 4 Fig.4 Distribution of Rainfall in Kurnool District 5 Fig.5 Transport Network of Kurnool District 9 Fig: 6 Mandal wise Distribution of Scheduled Caste Population and Types 11 of Hostels and Residential Schools in Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh Fig: 7 Important Tourist places map in Kurnool district 14 Fig.8 Land Use / Land Cover Map of Kurnool District during 2015-16 20 Fig. 9 General Slope of Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh 33 Fig. 10 Forest covers map of Kurnool District during 2015-16 35 Fig: 11 Soil Resource Map of Kurnool District 37 Fig: 12 Salt Affected Soil Map of Kurnool District 37 Fig. 13 (a) Ground truth data overlaid on multi-temporal RGB image, (b) Rice cropped area and (c) Transplantation date-wise rice cropped 38 area over Kurnool District. Fig: 14 Cotton Cropped area estimation in Kharif 2016-17 39 Fig: 15 Bengal gram crop acreage estimation Rabi 2016-17 40 Fig. 16 Drainage and Basins Kurnool District 50 Fig. 17 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects of Kurnool District 52 Fig.18 Geomorphology of Kurnool District 55 Fig.19 Ground Water Scenario in Kurnool District, 57 DMG, GoAP 5 District Survey Report - 2018 Fig. 20 Depth to Water Level Pre-Monsoon May, 2012 58 Fig. 21 Depth to Water Level Post- Monsoon Nov, 2012 59 Fig. 22 Ground Water Quality Map of Kurnool District 62 Fig: 23 Piezometer Observation wells in Kurnool District 63 Fig.24 Geology of Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh 65 Fig.25 Detailed Legend with Stratigraphic Sequence of Kurnool District 66 LIST OF TABLES Page DMG, GoAP 6 District Survey Report - 2018 Table :1 Mandal Wise Average Annual Rainfall (mm) 6 Table :2 Category-wise Distributions of Land use/Land Cover 21 during 2015-16 Table: 3 Forest cover distribution of Kurnool district 34 40 Table: 4 Cotton Crop acreage estimation in Kharif 2016-17 Table: 5 Bengalgram crop acreage estimation in Rabi 2016-17 40 Table: 6 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Fresh Fruits with Production 43 (MT) in Kurnool District (2017-18) Table:7 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Vegetables with Production (MT) 44 in Kurnool District (2017-18) Table:8 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Spices with Production (MT) in 46 Kurnool District (2017-18) Table:9 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Flowers with Production (MT) in 47 Kurnool District (2017-18) Table:10 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 48 with Production (MT) in Kurnool District (2017-18) Table: 11 Drainage System with Description of main rivers 53 Table: 12 Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams 53 Table: 13 Mineral Resources under the jurisdiction of ADM&G, 78 Banaganapalle, Kurnool District 1. Salient Features of Kurnool District 1.1 Administrative Setup DMG, GoAP 7 District Survey Report - 2018 Kurnool district is the South-Western district of Andhra Pradesh and lies approximately between 14°54′ to 16°18′ North latitudes and 76°58′ to 79°34′ East longitudes. The district is bounded by Mahabubnagar district on the North, East by Prakasam and South by Anantapuramu and YSR districts and West by Karnataka State. The total area of the district is 17,617 Sq.Km, and ranks 3rd position contributing 6.42% area of the State. The shape of the district is rectangular from East to West. Kurnool district lies on the South Central Western part of the Andhra Pradesh State bordering Karnataka State on the West, Mahbubnagar district on the North, East by Prakasam, while Anantapur & YSR districts on the south. Kurnool town was once the State Capital of Andhra Pradesh upon bifurcation from Madras State during 1956 shown in fig: 1 Fig.1 Administrative Boundaries of Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh 1.2 Drainage DMG, GoAP 8 District Survey Report - 2018 The principal rivers flowing in the district are Tungabhadra (its tributary, the Hundri) Krishna and Kunderu. Tungabhadra rises in the Western Ghats and after forming part of Northern boundary for some distance, separates Kurnool with Mahabubnagar while flowing in an Eastern direction and receives Hundri; thereby both these rivers fall into the river Krishna at Kundli sangam about 29 Km from Kurnool after winding Northwards. The river Hundri, a tributary of Tungabhadra rises in the fields of Maddikera in Maddikera Mandal receives a stream from Erramalas at Laddagiri in Kodumur Mandal and joins Tungabhadra at Kurnool. It drains much of Maddikera, Pattikonda, Deverakonda, Gonegandla, Kodumur and Kallur Mandals. This is a turbid stream with sudden rise and fall. The Kunderu also called Kumudavathi rises on the Western side of Erramalas, winds its way into Kunderu valley and flows in Southern direction collecting drainage all along its course from both sides. It flows through Orvakal, Midthur, Gadivemula, Nandyal, Gospadu, Koilkuntla, Dornipadu and Chagalamarri Mandals and then enters YSR district shown in fig: 2 DMG, GoAP 9 District Survey Report - 2018 Fig.2 Drainage Network and Surface Water bodies of the District 1.3 Climate and Rainfall At hinterland, temperature variations throughout the year can be very high and the diurnal range of temperature varies from place to place. Inland areas warm up greatly during the afternoon while the sun is shining down, but they also cool down quickly at night after sunset. The Climate of the district is normally good and healthy. January, February and March months are usually pleasant with moderate winds from South-East. April and May are the hottest months of the year, during these months the wind shifts to Southwest with increased force and brings welcome showers by the end of May. During the succeeding four months, the wind blows from Western side in Major parts of the district and brings fair DMG, GoAP 10 District Survey Report - 2018 quantum of rainfall. By the end of September, the wind is light and pleasant forecasting the onset of Northeast monsoon. In November and December the weather is fine, Rainfall is rare and wind is light with occurrence of heavy dew. District normal rainfall of the year is 670.3 mm. During 2014-15 the rainfall received is 473.9 mm. The rainy season commences with the onset of the South-west monsoon in the part of June shown in fig: 3 Fig: 3 Automatic Weather Stations in Kurnool District The rainfall in the district in general increases from the East towards the West.