NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 6 M1 ALGEBRA I Lesson 6: Algebraic Expressions—The Distributive Property Classwork Exercise 2 Write an expression using the symbols 1, 2, 3, and 4 that evaluates to 16, and then use that expression to create one that evaluates to 816. Exercise 3 Define the rules of a game as follows: a. Begin by choosing an initial set of symbols, variable, or numeric, as a starting set of expressions, and then generate more expressions by: b. Placing any previously created expressions into the blanks of the addition operator: ___+ ___ Exercise 4 Roma says that collecting like terms can be seen as an application of the distributive property. Is writing + = 2 an application of the distributive property? 푥 푥 푥 Lesson 6: Algebraic Expressions—The Distributive Property Date: 8/7/13 S.26 This work is licensed under a © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 6 M1 ALGEBRA I Exercise 5 Leela is convinced that ( + ) = + . Do you think she is right? Use a picture to illustrate your reasoning. 2 2 2 푎 푏 푎 푏 Exercise 6 Draw a picture to represent the expression ( + + 1) × ( + 1). 푎 푏 푏 Exercise 7 Draw a picture to represent the expression ( + ) × ( + ) × ( + + ). 푎 푏 푐 푑 푒 푓 푔 A Key Belief of Arithmetic The Distributive Property: If , , and are real numbers, then ( + ) = + . 푎 푏 푐 푎 푏 푐 푎푏 푎푐 Lesson 6: Algebraic Expressions—The Distributive Property Date: 8/7/13 S.27 This work is licensed under a © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 6 M1 ALGEBRA I Lesson Summary The Distributive Property represents a key belief about the arithmetic of real numbers. This property can be applied to algebraic expressions using variables that represent real numbers. Problem Set 1. Insert parentheses to make each statement true. a. 2 + 3 × 4 + 1 = 81 b. 2 + 3 × 42 + 1 = 85 c. 2 + 3 × 42 + 1 = 51 d. 2 + 3 × 42 + 1 = 53 2 2. Using starting symbols of: , , 2, and – 2, which of the following expressions will NOT appear when following the rules of the game played in Exercise 3? 푤 푞 a. 7 + 3 + ( 2) b. 2 푤 푞 − c. 푞 − d. 2 + 6 푤 − 푞 e. 2 + 2 푤 − 푤 3. Luke wants to play the 4-number game with the numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the operations of addition, multiplication, AND subtraction. Leoni responds, “Or we just could play the 4-number game with just the operations of addition and multiplication, but with now the numbers –1, –2, –3, –4, 1, 2, 3, and 4 instead.” What observation is Leoni trying to point out to Luke? 4. Given the expression: ( + 3) ( + 1) ( + 2) a. Draw a picture to represent the expression. 푥 ∙ 푦 ∙ 푥 b. Write an equivalent expression by applying the Distributive Property. Lesson 6: Algebraic Expressions—The Distributive Property Date: 8/7/13 S.28 This work is licensed under a © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 6 M1 ALGEBRA I 5. a. Given that > , which of the shaded regions is larger and why? 푎 푏 b. Consider the expressions 851 × 29 and 849 × 31. Which would result in a larger product? Use a diagram to demonstrate your result 6. Consider the following diagram. Edna looked at the diagram and then highlighted the four small rectangles shown and concluded: ( + 2 ) = + 4 ( + ). 2 2 푥 푎 푥 푎 푥 푎 Lesson 6: Algebraic Expressions—The Distributive Property Date: 8/7/13 S.29 This work is licensed under a © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 6 M1 ALGEBRA I a. Michael, when he saw the picture, highlighted four rectangles and concluded: ( + 2 ) = + 2 + 2 ( + 2 ). Which four2 rectangles2 and one square did he highlight? 푥 푎 푥 푎푥 푎 푥 푎 b. Jill, when she saw the picture, highlighted eight rectangles and squares (not including the square in the middle) to conclude: ( + 2 ) = + 4 + 4 . Which eight2 rectangles2 and squares2 did she highlight? 푥 푎 푥 푎푥 푎 c. When Fatima saw the picture, she exclaimed: ( + 2 ) = + 4 ( + 2 ) 4 . She claims she highlighted just four rectangles to conclude this. Identify2 the 2four rectangles she highlig2 hted and explain how using them she arrived that the expression +푥 4 (푎 + 2 푥) 4 푎 . 푥 푎 − 푎 2 2 푥 푎 푥 푎 − 푎 d. Are all of Edna, Michael, Jill, and Fatima’s techniques right? Explain why or why not? Lesson 6: Algebraic Expressions—The Distributive Property Date: 8/7/13 S.30 This work is licensed under a © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 7 M1 ALGEBRA I Lesson 7: Algebraic Expressions—The Commutative and Associative Properties Classwork Exercise 1 Suzy draws the following picture to represent the sum 3 + 4: Ben looks at this picture from the opposite side of the table and says, “You drew 4 + 3.” Explain why Ben might interpret the picture this way. Exercise 2 Suzy adds more to her picture and says, “the picture now represents (3 + 4) + 2.” How might Ben interpret this picture? Explain your reasoning. Lesson 7: Algebraic Expressions—The Commutative and Associative Properties Date: 8/9/13 S.31 This work is licensed under a © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 7 M1 ALGEBRA I Exercise 3 Suzy then draws another picture of squares to represent the product 3 × 4. Ben moves to the end of the table and says, “From my new seat, your picture looks like the product 4 × 3.” What picture might Suzy have drawn? Why would Ben see it differently from his viewpoint? Exercise 4 Draw a picture to represent the quantity (3 × 4) × 5 that also could represent the quantity(4 × 5) × 3 when seen from a different viewpoint. Four Properties of Arithmetic: The Commutative Property of Addition: If and are real numbers, then + = + . The Associative Property of Addition: If , 푎, and 푏 are real numbers, then 푎( +푏 ) +푏 =푎 + ( + ) The Commutative Property of Multiplication:푎 푏 If 푐 and are real numbers, then푎 푏 × 푐= 푎× . 푏 푐 The Associative Property of Multiplication: If , 푎, and 푏 are real numbers, then 푎( )푏 =푏 ( 푎). 푎 푏 푐 푎푏 푐 푎 푏푐 Exercise 5 Viewing the diagram below from two different perspectives illustrates that (3 + 4) + 2 equals 2 + (4 + 3). Is it true for all real numbers , and that ( + ) + should equal ( + ) + ? (Note: The direct application푥 of푦 the Associative푧 푥 Property푦 푧 of Addition only푧 gives푦 ( 푥+ ) + = + ( + ).) 푥 푦 푧 푥 푦 푧 Lesson 7: Algebraic Expressions—The Commutative and Associative Properties Date: 8/9/13 S.32 This work is licensed under a © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 7 M1 ALGEBRA I Exercise 6 Draw a flow diagram and use it to prove that ( ) = ( ) for all real numbers , , and . 푥푦 푧 푧푦 푥 푥 푦 푧 Exercise 7 Use these abbreviations for the properties of real numbers and complete the flow diagram. for the commutative property of addition 퐶×+ for the commutative property of multiplication 퐶 for the associative property of addition 퐴×+ for the associative property of multiplication 퐴 Lesson 7: Algebraic Expressions—The Commutative and Associative Properties Date: 8/9/13 S.33 This work is licensed under a © 2013 Common Core, Inc. Some rights reserved. commoncore.org Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. NYS COMMON CORE MATHEMATICS CURRICULUM Lesson 7 M1 ALGEBRA I Exercise 8 Let , , , and be real numbers. Fill in the missing term of the following diagram to show that ( + ) + + is sure to equal + + ( + ) . 푎 푏 푐 푑 � 푎 푏 푐� 푑 푎 �푏 푐 푑 � NUMERICAL SYMBOL: A numerical symbol is a symbol that represents a specific number. 2 0, 1, 2, 3, , 3, 124.122, , For example, 3 are numerical symbols used to represent specific points on the real number line. − − 휋 푒 VARIABLE SYMBOL: A variable symbol is a symbol that is a placeholder for a number. It is possible that a question may restrict the type of number that a placeholder might permit, e.g., integers only or positive real number. ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION: An algebraic expression is either 1. a numerical symbol or a variable symbol, or 2. the result of placing previously generated algebraic expressions into the two blanks of one of the four operators ((__) + (__), (__) (__), (__) × (__), (__) ÷ (__)) or into the base blank of an exponentiation with exponent that is a rational number. − Two algebraic expressions are equivalent if we can convert one expression into the other by repeatedly applying the Commutative, Associative, and Distributive Properties and the properties of rational exponents to components of the first expression. NUMERICAL EXPRESSION: A numerical expression is an algebraic expression that contains only numerical symbols (no variable symbols), which evaluate to a single number. The expression, 3 ÷ 0, is not a numerical expression. EQUIVALENT NUMERICAL EXPRESSIONS: Two numerical expressions are equivalent if they evaluate to the same number.