The Trans-Atlantic Cable as World Heritage Part II: Outstanding Universal Value Professor Alexander Gillespie, Ph.D 13/7/2016. This work was completed with the kind support from Intel Ireland and Kerry County Council. Contents SECTION 1. VALENTIA ENSEMBLE & WORLD HERITAGE CRITERIA ......................................................... 5 SECTION 2. THE INDUSTRIAL PAST AS WORLD HERITAGE: Types, Gaps & Value ................................... 5 SECTION 3. COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AS MISSING HERITAGE: Considerations of Value & Location ................................................................................................................................................... 5 VALENTIA ENSEMBLE &WORLD HERITAGE CRITERIA ......................................................................... 5 Criterion I: ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Criterion II ....................................................................................................................................... 5 Criterion III ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Criterion IV ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Criterion V: ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Criterion VI: ..................................................................................................................................... 7 THE INDUSTRIAL PAST AS WORLD HERITAGE: .................................................................................... 9 TYPES, GAPS AND VALUES .................................................................................................................. 9 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 9 World Heritage ................................................................................................................................ 9 The Need for a Balanced, Representative and Credible List ......................................................... 11 Industrial Heritage ........................................................................................................................ 11 The Industrial Heritage Recognised as World Heritage ................................................................ 12 Power for Industry ........................................................................................................................ 13 Extractive Industries...................................................................................................................... 14 Coal Mines and the Iron and Steel Industries ............................................................................... 16 Factories ........................................................................................................................................ 17 Transport: Canals, Railways, Bridges and Aqueducts ................................................................... 19 Agriculture .................................................................................................................................... 21 Communications ........................................................................................................................... 23 Outstanding Universal Value and World Heritage ........................................................................ 24 Criterion I ...................................................................................................................................... 24 Criterion II ..................................................................................................................................... 25 Criterion III .................................................................................................................................... 28 Criterion IV .................................................................................................................................... 30 Criterion V ..................................................................................................................................... 33 Criterion VI .................................................................................................................................... 34 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 35 Criterion I ...................................................................................................................................... 36 Criterion II ..................................................................................................................................... 36 Criterion III .................................................................................................................................... 37 Criterion IV .................................................................................................................................... 37 Criterion V ..................................................................................................................................... 37 Criterion VI .................................................................................................................................... 37 COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AS MISSING HERITAGE: ................................................................. 38 CONSIDERATIONS OF VALUE AND LOCATION. ..................................................................................... 38 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 38 2. Communication ......................................................................................................................... 39 3. The Optical Semaphore ............................................................................................................. 40 4. The Birth of Telecommunication: Electricity ............................................................................. 41 5. The Telegraph ........................................................................................................................... 41 a. The Impact of the Telegraph ................................................................................................. 44 6. The Submarine Telegraph and its Limits ................................................................................... 46 a. The Five Challenges ............................................................................................................... 48 b. The Success ........................................................................................................................... 55 c. The Impact of the Transatlantic Cable: Globalisation ........................................................... 57 d. The Local Impact: The Working Community ......................................................................... 58 7. The Telephone .......................................................................................................................... 59 8. The Wireless .............................................................................................................................. 61 9. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 63 Paper II: The Valentia Ensemble and the Criteria of Outstanding Universal Value Dr. Alexander Gillespie. July 8, 2016. The collection of sites and associated landscapes which make up the Valentia Ensemble related to the Trans-Atlantic Cable merits being inscribed under the World Heritage Convention. The Valentia Island Ensemble should be inscribed because it is an exemplar of a critical part of telecommunications history which is of Outstanding Universal Value. It has the potential to be inscribed under six different criteria. Paper I: The Trans-Atlantic Cable as World Heritage Authenticity, Integrity and Associated Considerations for the ensemble of sites at Valentia Island, County Kerry, Ireland. Presented at the American Irish Historical Society, New York City, New York May 2014 SECTION 1. VALENTIA ENSEMBLE & WORLD HERITAGE CRITERIA SECTION 2. THE INDUSTRIAL PAST AS WORLD HERITAGE: Types, Gaps & Value SECTION 3. COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY AS MISSING HERITAGE: Considerations of Value & Location VALENTIA ENSEMBLE &WORLD HERITAGE CRITERIA Telecommunications is a sub-type of industrial heritage. Telecommunications is the most under-represented sub-type of industrial heritage, which is also generally under-represented on the World Heritage List. Aside from being an exemplar of a chronically under-represented type of industrial history, the Valentia Ensemble should be inscribed on the World Heritage List because the site possesses Outstanding Universal Value as per six of the criteria which can be used to identify Outstanding Universal Value. Criterion I: the Valentia Island Ensemble related to the Trans-Atlantic Cable (the ‘Valentia Island Ensemble’) should be inscribed under Criterion I, as ‘a masterpiece of human creative