ADRP 3-0 UNIFIED LAND OPERATIONS MAY 2012 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY This publication is available at Army Knowledge Online (https://armypubs.us.army.mil/doctrine/index.html). ADRP 3-0 Army Doctrine Reference Publication Headquarters No. 3-0 Department of the Army Washington, DC, 16 May 2012 Unified Land Operations Contents Page PREFACE.............................................................................................................. iii INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... v Chapter 1 MILITARY OPERATIONS .................................................................................. 1-1 Unified Land Operations Defined ....................................................................... 1-1 An Operational Environment .............................................................................. 1-1 Unified Action ..................................................................................................... 1-3 Joint Operations ................................................................................................. 1-6 Land Operations ................................................................................................. 1-7 Combined Arms ................................................................................................ 1-14 Chapter 2 THE ARMY’S OPERATIONAL CONCEPT ....................................................... 2-1 Goal of Unified Land Operations ........................................................................ 2-1 Foundations of Unified Land Operations ............................................................ 2-1 Tenets of Unified Land Operations ................................................................... 2-12 Chapter 3 COMBAT POWER ............................................................................................. 3-1 The Elements of Combat Power ........................................................................ 3-1 The Six Warfighting Functions ........................................................................... 3-2 Organizing Combat Power ................................................................................. 3-6 Chapter 4 OPERATIONAL ART ......................................................................................... 4-1 The Application of Operational Art ..................................................................... 4-1 The Elements of Operational Art ........................................................................ 4-2 SOURCE NOTES .......................................................................... Source Notes-1 GLOSSARY .......................................................................................... Glossary-1 REFERENCES .................................................................................. References-1 INDEX .......................................................................................................... Index-1 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. i Contents Figures Figure 1-1. Example of deep-close-security operational framework ................................... 1-10 Figure 2-1. Decisive action .................................................................................................... 2-3 Figure 2-2. Example of combining the elements of decisive action in a notional campaign ............................................................................................................ 2-7 Figure 3-1. The elements of combat power ........................................................................... 3-1 Figure 4-1. Principles of joint operations ................................................................................ 4-2 Figure 4-2. Operational approach .......................................................................................... 4-2 Figure 4-3. Elements of operational design ........................................................................... 4-3 Figure 4-4. Elements of operational art .................................................................................. 4-3 Tables Introductory Table-1. New Army terms ..................................................................................... vi Introductory Table-2. Rescinded Army terms ........................................................................... vi Introductory Table-3. Modified Army terms ............................................................................... vi Introductory Table-3. Modified Army terms (continued) ........................................................... vii Table 1-1. Examples of operations and their applicable doctrine .......................................... 1-6 Table 1-2. The Soldier’s Rules ............................................................................................. 1-14 Table 2-1. Tasks of decisive action ........................................................................................ 2-5 ii ADRP 3-0 16 May 2012 Preface Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 3-0 augments the unified land operations doctrine established in Army Doctrine Publication (ADP) 3-0, Unified Land Operations. This manual expands the discussion on the overarching guidance on unified land operations and the Army’s core competencies of combined arms maneuver and wide area security. It accounts for the uncertain and ever-changing nature of operations and recognizes that military operations are foremost a human undertaking. It constitutes the Army’s view of how to conduct prompt and sustained operations on land and sets the foundation for developing the other principles, tactics, techniques, and procedures detailed in subordinate doctrine publications. Combined with ADP 3-0, the doctrine in ADRP 3-0 provides the foundation for the Army’s operational concept of unified land operations. This manual forms the foundation for training and Army education system curricula on unified land operations. The principal audience for ADRP 3-0 is all members of the profession of arms. Commanders and staffs of Army headquarters serving as joint task force or multinational headquarters should also refer to applicable joint or multinational doctrine concerning the range of military operations and joint or multinational forces. Trainers and educators throughout the Army will also use this manual. Commanders, staffs, and subordinates ensure their decisions and actions comply with applicable United States, international, and, in some cases, host-nation laws and regulations. Commanders at all levels ensure their Soldiers operate in accordance with the law of war and the rules of engagement. (See Field Manual [FM] 27-10.) ADRP 3-0 uses joint terms where applicable. Selected joint and Army terms and definitions appear in both the glossary and the text. Terms for which ADRP 3-0 is the proponent publication (the authority) are marked with an asterisk (*) in the glossary. Definitions for which ADRP 3-0 is the proponent publication are boldfaced in the text. These terms and their definitions will be in the next revision of FM 1-02. For other definitions shown in the text, the term is italicized and the number of the proponent publication follows the definition. ADRP 3-0 applies to the Active Army, Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United States (ARNGUS), and United States Army Reserve (USAR) unless otherwise stated. The proponent of ADRP 3-0 is the United States Army Combined Arms Center. The preparing agency is the Combined Arms Doctrine Directorate, United States Army Combined Arms Center. Send comments and recommendations on a DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms) to Commander, United States Army Combined Arms Center, Fort Leavenworth, ATTN: ATZL-MCK-D (ADRP 3-0), 300 McPherson Avenue, Fort Leavenworth, KS 66027-2337; by e-mail to [email protected]; or submit an electronic DA Form 2028. 16 May 2012 ADRP 3-0 iii Preface Acknowledgments The copyright owners listed here have granted permission to reproduce material from their works. On War, by Carl von Clausewitz, edited and translated by Michael Howard and Peter Paret. Reproduced with permission of Princeton University Press. Copyright © 1984. iv ADRP 3-0 16 May 2012 Introduction Army Doctrine Reference Publication (ADRP) 3-0, Unified Land Operations, is the first ADRP released under Doctrine 2015. ADRP 3-0 expands on the foundations and tenets found in Army Doctrine Publication (ADP) 3-0. This ADRP expands on the doctrine of unified land operations found in ADP 3-0. The publication of ADP 3-0 shifted the Army’s operational concept from full spectrum operations to unified land operations. ADRP 3-0 makes numerous changes from the now obsolete 2011 Field Manual (FM) 3-0, Change 1. The most significant change is the introduction of unified land operations as the Army’s operational concept. The doctrine of unified land operations describes how the Army demonstrates its core competencies of combined arm maneuver and wide area security through decisive action. The term decisive action replaces the term full spectrum operations as the concept of continuous, simultaneous offense, defense, stability, or defense support of civil authorities. Defense support of civil authorities replaces civil support as a task under decisive action. ADRP 3-0 expands the discussion of the foundations