501 Grammar and Writing Questions 4th Edition ® N E W Y O R K 6801_501_Grammar_4E[FIN].indd 1 8/19/10 2:06 PM OTHER TITLES OF INTEREST FROM LEARNINGEXPRESS 501 Reading Comprehension Questions 501 Critical Reading Questions 501 Sentence Completion Questions 501 Word Analogy Questions Reading Comprehension Success in 20 Minutes a Day Copyright © 2010 LearningExpress, LLC. All rights reserved under International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. Published in the United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: 501 grammar and writing questions. — 4th ed. p. cm. Spine title: 501 grammar & writing questions Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-57685-748-9 (alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-57685-748-4 (alk. paper) 1. English language—Grammar—Examinations, questions, etc. 2. English language— Rhetoric—Examinations, questions, etc. 3. Report writing—Examinations, questions, etc. I. LearningExpress (Organization) II. Title: Five hundred one grammar and writing questions. III. Title: Five hundred and one grammar and writing questions. IV. Title: 501 grammar & writing questions. PE1112.A15 2010 428.2'076--dc22 2010010694 Printed in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Fourth Edition For more information or to place an order, contact LearningExpress at: 2 Rector Street 26th Floor New York, NY 10006 Or visit us at: www.learnatest.com 6801_501_Grammar_4E[FIN].indd 2 8/19/10 2:06 PM Contents Introduction v Section 1 Mechanics: Capitalization and Punctuation 1 Section 2 Sentence Structure 17 Section 3 Agreement 45 Section 4 Modifiers 67 Section 5 Paragraph Development 77 Section 6 Essay Questions 147 Answers 157 i i i 6801_501_Grammar_4E[FIN].indd 3 8/19/10 2:06 PM 6801_501_Grammar_4E[FIN].indd 4 8/19/10 2:06 PM Introduction This book can be used alone, along with another writing-skills text of your choice, or in combination with the LearningExpress publication, Writing Skills Success in 20 Minutes a Day. It will give you practice deal- ing with capitalization, punctuation, basic grammar, sentence structure, organization, paragraph development, and essay writing. It is designed to be used by individuals working on their own and for teachers or tutors helping students learn or review basic writing skills. Additionally, practicing with 501 Grammar and Writing Questions will greatly alleviate writing anxiety. Many people grimace when faced with grammar exercises. But in order to communicate with others, pass tests, and get your point across in writing, using words and punctuation effectively is a necessary skill. Maybe you’re one of the millions of people who found memorizing grammar rules tedious as a student in elementary or high school. Maybe you were confused by all of the exceptions to those rules. Maybe you thought they would just come naturally as you continued to write and speak. First, know you are not alone. It is true that some people work very hard to understand the rules, while others seem to have a natural gift for writing. And that’s okay; we all have unique talents. Still, it’s a fact that v 6801_501_Grammar_4E[FIN].indd 5 8/19/10 2:06 PM 501 Grammar and Writing Questions most jobs today require good communication skills, including writing. The good news is that grammar and writing skills can be developed with practice. Learn by doing. It’s an old lesson, tried and true. The 501 grammar and writing questions included in these pages are designed to provide you with lots of practice. As you work through each set of questions, you’ll be gaining a solid understanding of basic grammar and usage rules. And all without memorizing! This book will help you improve your language skills through encouragement, not frustration. An Overview 501 Grammar and Writing Questions is divided into six sections: Section 1: Mechanics: Capitalization and Punctuation Section 2: Sentence Structure Section 3: Agreement Section 4: Modifiers Section 5: Paragraph Development Section 6: Essay Questions Each section is subdivided into short sets consisting of 8–20 questions. The book is specifically organized to help you build confidence as you further develop your written-language skills. 501 Grammar and Writing Questions begins with the basic mechanics of capitalization and punctua- tion, and then moves on to grammar and sentence structure. By the time you reach the section on paragraph development, you will have practiced on almost 300 questions. You will then continue practicing the skills that you’ve already begun to master in the previous four sections, this time in combination. When you get to the last section, you’ll be ready to write your own essays. How to Use This Book Whether you’re working alone or helping someone brush up on grammar and usage, this book will give you the opportunity to practice, practice, practice. v i 6801_501_Grammar_4E[FIN].indd 6 8/19/10 2:06 PM 501 Grammar and Writing Questions Working on Your Own If you are working alone to review the basics or prepare for a test in con- nection with a job or school, you will probably want to use this book in combination with a basic grammar and usage text, or with Writing Skills Success in 20 Minutes a Day. If you’re fairly sure of your basic language- mechanics skills, however, you can use 501 Grammar and Writing Questions by itself. Use the answer key at the end of the book to find out if you chose the right answer, and also to learn how to tackle similar kinds of questions next time. Every answer is explained. Make sure you understand the explanations—usually by going back to the questions—before moving on to the next set. Tutoring Others This book will work well in combination with almost any basic grammar and usage text. You will probably find it most helpful to give students a brief lesson in the particular skill they’ll be learning—capitalization, punc- tuation, subject-verb agreement, pronoun agreement, sentence structure, style—and then have them spend the remainder of the session answering the questions in the sets. You will want to impress upon them the impor- tance of learning by doing, checking their answers, and reading the expla- nations carefully. Make sure they understand a particular set of questions before you assign the next one. Additional Resources For more detailed explanations of English grammar and usage rules, you may want to buy—or borrow from the library—one or more of the follow- ing books: Action Grammar: Fast, No-Hassle Answers on Everyday Usage and Punctuation by Joanne Feierman (Fireside) The American Heritage Book of English Usage: A Practical and Authoritative Guide to Contemporary English (Houghton Mifflin) The Blue Book of Grammar and Punctuation: The Mysteries of Grammar and Punctuation Revealed by Jane Straus (Jane Straus Books) v i i 6801_501_Grammar_4E[FIN].indd 7 8/19/10 2:06 PM 501 Grammar and Writing Questions Grammatically Correct: The Writer’s Essential Guide to Punctuation, Spelling, Style, Usage and Grammar by Anne Stilman (Writer’s Digest Books) The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style by Bryan A. Garner (Berkley Publishing Group) Woe is I: The Grammarphobes Guide to Better English in Plain English, 2nd Edition, by Patricia T. O’Conner (Riverhead Books) Writing Skills Success in 20 Minutes a Day, 3rd Edition (LearningExpress) Grammar Success in 20 Minutes a Day, 2nd Edition (LearningExpress) Grammar Essentials, 3rd Edition (LearningExpress) v i i i 6801_501_Grammar_4E[FIN].indd 8 8/19/10 2:06 PM 1 Mechanics: Capitalization and Punctuation Every sentence begins with a capital, so the how-tos of capitaliza- tion seem like a logical place to begin learning about language mechanics. When doing the exercises in this section, refer to the following checklist. Matching your answer to a rule will reinforce the mechanics of writing and secure that knowledge for you. Capitalization Checklist 33 The first word of every sentence➞Yes, we do carry the matching bed skirt. 33 The first word of a quoted sentence (not just a quoted phrase)➞And with great flourish, he sang, “O beautiful for spacious skies, for amber waves of grain!” 33 The specific name of a person (and his or her title), a place, or a thing (otherwise known as proper nouns). Proper nouns include specific locations and geographic regions; political, social, and athletic organizations and agencies; historical events; documents and periodicals; nationalities and their languages; religions, their members and their deities; brand or trade names; and holidays. 1 6801_501_Grammar_4E[FIN].indd 1 8/19/10 2:06 PM 501 Grammar and Writing Questions 33 The abbreviation for proper nouns. Government agencies are prob- ably the most frequently abbreviated. Remember to capitalize each letter.➞The CIA makes me feel very secure. 33 Adjectives (descriptive words) derived from proper nouns. Ex: America (proper noun)➞the American (adjective) flag 33 The pronoun I. 33 The most important words in a title➞Last March, I endured a twenty-hour public reading of A Tale of Two Cities. Punctuation Checklist Periods 33 At the end of a declarative sentence (sentence that makes a statement)➞Today, I took a walk to nowhere. 33 At the end of a command or request➞Here’s a cloth. Now gently burp the baby on your shoulder. 33 At the end of an indirect question➞Jane asked if I knew where she had left her keys. 33 Before a decimal number➞Statisticians claim that the average family raises 2.5 children. 33 Between dollars and cents➞I remember when $1.50 could buy the coolest stuff. 33 After an initial in a person’s name➞You are Sir James W. Dewault, are you not? 33 After an abbreviation➞On Jan.