The Strategies in Translating Indonesian Cultural Terms in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’S Footsteps

The Strategies in Translating Indonesian Cultural Terms in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’S Footsteps

Passage 2019, 7(2), 42-52 The Strategies in Translating Indonesian Cultural Terms in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Footsteps Gina Istiqomah, Wawan Gunawan* English Language and Literature Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia [email protected] ABSTRACT This study investigated some strategies applied by the translator in translating Indonesian cultural terms found in the novel Footsteps. The data were taken from the original version of the novel entitled Jejak Langkah and its English version entitled Footsteps. By using qualitative method, this study classified and analyzed the data based on Newmark’s (1988) cultural categories and Venuti’s (1995) domestication and foreignization strategies in translation. The result showed that domestication and foreignization strategies were applied by the translator to translate Indonesian cultural terms with the percentage of 26.92% (domesticated) and 73.08% (foreignized). The most frequently used strategy by the translator in translating the cultural terms make the translation result to be less fluent and less transparent. However, it could make the target language readers feel closer to the nuance of the original story of the novel Footsteps and recognize linguistic and cultural differences of other languages, in this case Indonesian. Keywords: Domestication, Foreignization, Translation Strategy, Cultural Terms. *Penulis Penanggung Jawab 42 Gina Istiqomah, Wawan Gunawan1 The Strategies in Translating Indonesian Cultural Terms in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Footsteps INTRODUCTION distance between the source language Translation is a process of and the target language except there is transferring meaning of one language a cultural overlap and appropriate to another language in order that the descriptive-functional equivalent in meaning in the source language can TL text (Newmark, 1988, p. 94). be understood by the receptor in the However, there would always be target language. Newmark (1988) cultural differences between the stated that “translation is rendering source language and the target the meaning of a text into another language. Then, it is possible that language in the way that the author translator finds a cultural term of the intended the text” (p. 5). However, source language during the translating translation is not only about rendering process. Translating a text consisting the meaning or linguistic transference cultural terms can be a dilemma and but also a cultural exchange between challenge for a translator. The the source language and target equivalence of some cultural terms language. Therefore, translation can from the source language may not be used as a bridge in communication exist in the target language. The across culture. Translation can be source language words may express a described as intercultural concept which is unknown by the communication in which the social target language readers. The concept practice is constructed in a certain may be abstract or concrete related to context by certain agents to religious belief, a social customs, or comprehend social categories and even type of foods (Baker, 1992, p. boundaries with reference to the 21). Thus, the translator needs to cultural context that envelope it apply appropriate strategy in (House, 2016, p. 37). In addition, translating them into the target through translation people can language without losing the meaning recognize language and cultural or value of the source language. differences around them. Language is embedded in A translation problem would culture in which the meaning of any happen when there is a cultural gap or linguistic item can only be understood 43 Passage 2019, 7(2), 42-52 with reference to the cultural context introduce the authors and their literary that envelope it (House, 2016, p. 32). works abroad. One of the examples is A cultural term that is found in the Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Jejak source language text can be translated Langkah. There has been the English by using domestication and version of the novel in the title of foreignization strategies proposed by Footsteps. The novel is the third Venuti (1995). By the use of volume of the novel tetralogy or also domestication and foreignization known as the Buru Quartet. The strategies, it can be described how a researcher selects this novel for this translator positions a translated text in research because none of previous the target language and in the textual studies used this novel as the data environment of the target culture (as source of the research regarding cited in Myskja, 2013, p. 3). domestication and foreignization Domestication is a strategy to make strategies. Besides, it contains more unfamiliar terms become intelligible cultural terms regarding Indonesian by the target language reader and to culture. Thus, this study contribute to reduce the foreignness of the source the existing studies on translation language text. Meanwhile, strategies which especially focus on foreignization is a strategy to retain identifying cultural terms and the the foreign term as much as possible strategies to translate them, and also so that the target language readers can the effect of the translator’s strategy feel the original of the source on the translation result, in this case language text. The translator can the novel Footsteps. choose between the two of these strategies to be applied in translating METHODOLOGY cultural terms. This research employed a qualitative There are many Indonesian method because the researcher literary works which have been classified the data into some translated into many languages, categories and analyzed the data to especially in English in order to reach answer the problems being a wide range of reader and as a way to questioned. The data of this study 44 Gina Istiqomah, Wawan Gunawan1 The Strategies in Translating Indonesian Cultural Terms in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Footsteps were taken from Pramoedya Ananta Venuti (1995) and Judickaite’s (2009) Toer’s Jejak Langkah and its English the continuum of domestication and version of the novel in the title foreignization strategies, calculating Footsteps which was translated by the occurrence of the identified Max Lane. Some of the phrases, strategies in order to identify the most clauses, and sentences which contain frequently used strategy by the cultural terms were transcribed in the translator to translate the cultural form of table due to the analysis of the terms, and then interpreting the data data. There are 78 cultural terms analysis result. found in the English version of the novel Jejak Langkah. The data were FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION analyzed based on Newmark’s (1988) This research collected 78 cultural categories of cultural terms by words from the novel Footsteps. The classifying the cultural terms found in cultural terms were classified based the novel Footsteps, Venuti’s (1995) on cultural category proposed by theory of foreignization and Newmark (1995): (1) ecology, (2) domestication strategies in translation material culture, (3) social culture, (4) and also Judickaite’s (2009) the social organization and (5) gestures continuum of domestication and and habits. foreignization strategies in measuring Table 1 Cultural Term to what extent the cultural terms were Categories domesticated or foreignized by the translator in the translation. Categor N Freque Percent y The steps taken in analyzing the o ncy age (%) data are: categorizing the identified 1 Ecology 8 10.26% cultural terms found in the novel 2 Material 23 29.49% Footsteps based on Newmark’s culture (1995) theory of cultural categories, 3 Social 30 38.46% classifying the data based on culture domestication and foreignization strategies in translation proposed by 45 Passage 2019, 7(2), 42-52 4 Social 12 15.38% Chart 1 Domestication and organiza Foreignization Strategies in tion Translating Cultural Terms 5 Gestures 5 6.41% and habits 26.92% Total 78 100% Domestication Foreignization 73.08% Based on the table above, the categories that appeared the most in the data are social culture with the total percentage of 38.46% and Based on the chart above, material culture with the total foreignization strategy is the most percentage of 29.49%. The next applied strategy with the percentage categories which are mostly found are of 73.08%, while domestication social organization with the strategy is the least with the percentage of 15.38% and ecology percentage of 26.92%. The translator with the percentage of 10.26%. Then, tended to apply foreignization the category that appears the least is strategy in order to keep the gestures and habits with the foreignness of the source language by percentage of 6.41%. representing linguistic and cultural From the data, there are 78 differences from the source language cultural terms found in the novel toward the target language readers in Footsteps. There are 21 cultural terms English due to the importance of the translated by using domestication foreign culture and its value, in this strategy and 57 cultural terms case Indonesian culture. translated by using foreignization The most frequently used strategy. The percentage of the strategy by the translator to translate strategies applied by the translator in the cultural terms in the novel translating cultural terms presented in Footsteps is foreignization. The text a pie chart below. showed that the translator retained 46 Gina Istiqomah, Wawan Gunawan1 The Strategies in Translating Indonesian Cultural Terms in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Footsteps and introduced the concept of culture memasu regent, and its value of the source language, ki seated in this case Indonesian culture, as pelatara in Venuti (1995) stated that n rocking “foreignization is an ethnodeviant kabupate chairs pressure on those (cultural) values to n, putri- under register the linguistic and cultural putri the difference of foreign text, sending the bupati pendop reader abroad” (p. 15). Then, the text Jepara o, also emphasized that the translator’s telah awaite work tended to be the source menanti d the language-oriented with the use of di arrival some strategies such as preservation, pendopo of addition, naturalization, and literal duduk di Engine translation proposed by Judickaite kursi- er H.

View Full Text

Details

  • File Type
    pdf
  • Upload Time
    -
  • Content Languages
    English
  • Upload User
    Anonymous/Not logged-in
  • File Pages
    11 Page
  • File Size
    -

Download

Channel Download Status
Express Download Enable

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

  • Not to be reproduced or distributed without explicit permission.
  • Not used for commercial purposes outside of approved use cases.
  • Not used to infringe on the rights of the original creators.
  • If you believe any content infringes your copyright, please contact us immediately.

Support

For help with questions, suggestions, or problems, please contact us