GREENHOUSE GAS AND CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS INVENTORY FOR THE PORT AUTHORITY OF NEW YORK & NEW JERSEY Calendar Year 2016 Final Report Prepared for: The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey Prepared by: SC&A, Inc. Arlington, VA September 2018 (This page intentionally left blank) September 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................. VII 1.0 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Inventory Structure ........................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Summary of GHG Emissions Results ............................................................................................... 8 2.0 STATIONARY COMBUSTION (SCOPE 1) ............................................................................................... 14 2.1 Buildings ......................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps .......................................................................................... 16 2.3 Welding Gases ................................................................................................................................ 18 3.0 MOBILE COMBUSTION (SCOPE 1) ......................................................................................................... 19 3.1 Central Automotive Division Fleet ................................................................................................. 19 3.2 PATH Diesel Equipment ................................................................................................................ 22 4.0 FUGITIVE EMISSIONS (SCOPE 1) ........................................................................................................... 24 4.1 Use of Refrigerants ......................................................................................................................... 24 4.2 Use of Fire Suppressants ................................................................................................................. 26 4.3 Historic Elizabeth Landfill .............................................................................................................. 27 5.0 PURCHASED ELECTRICITY (SCOPE 2) .................................................................................................. 29 5.1 Buildings ......................................................................................................................................... 29 5.2 Rail Systems.................................................................................................................................... 32 6.0 PURCHASED STEAM, HEATING, AND COOLING (SCOPE 2) ............................................................. 33 6.1 KIAC Heating and Cooling ............................................................................................................. 33 6.2 Con Edison Steam ........................................................................................................................... 34 7.0 ENERGY PRODUCTION (SCOPE 3) ......................................................................................................... 35 7.1 Kennedy International Airport Cogeneration .................................................................................. 35 7.2 Essex County Resource Recovery Facility ..................................................................................... 37 8.0 AIRCRAFT (SCOPE 3) ................................................................................................................................ 39 8.1 Aircraft Movements and Auxiliary Power Units ............................................................................ 40 8.2 Ground Support Equipment ............................................................................................................ 45 9.0 ATTRACTED TRAVEL (SCOPE 3) ........................................................................................................... 48 9.1 Airport Passengers .......................................................................................................................... 48 9.2 Air Cargo ........................................................................................................................................ 55 10.0 MOBILE COMBUSTION (SCOPE 3) ......................................................................................................... 58 10.1 Shadow Fleet ................................................................................................................................... 58 11.0 TENANT ENERGY CONSUMPTION (SCOPE 3) ..................................................................................... 59 11.1 Buildings ......................................................................................................................................... 59 11.2 Rail Systems.................................................................................................................................... 63 12.0 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................................. 64 APPENDIX A: SCOPE 3 GHG EMISSIONS BY YEAR OF ASSESSMENT .......................................................... 69 APPENDIX B: 2016 OPERATIONS BY AIRCRAFT CODE ................................................................................... 70 APPENDIX C: 2016 GROUND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT PROFILES .................................................................... 80 APPENDIX D: REVISIONS TO THE 2006 BASE YEAR ........................................................................................ 82 iii September 2018 LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1: Global Warming Potential Factors for Reportable GHGs .......................................................................... 4 Table 1-2: Characterization of Sources under the Operational Control of the Port Authority ..................................... 5 Table 1-3: Characterization of Tenant Sources ........................................................................................................... 6 Table 1-4: Characterization of Customer Sources ....................................................................................................... 7 Table 1-5: Characterization of Employee Sources ...................................................................................................... 8 Table 1-6: Port Authority 2016 GHG Emissions Summary (metric tons CO2e) ....................................................... 11 Table 1-7: Port Authority 2016 Biogenic GHG Emissions Summary ....................................................................... 11 Table 1-8: Port Authority 2016 GHG Emissions by Line Department (metric tons CO2e) ....................................... 12 Table 1-9: Port Authority 2016 GHG Emissions by Emissions Category and Activity (metric tons CO2e) ............. 13 Table 2-1: Fuel Consumption in Buildings ................................................................................................................ 14 Table 2-2: Stationary Combustion GHG Emission Factors ....................................................................................... 15 Table 2-3: Stationary Combustion CAP Emission Factors ........................................................................................ 15 Table 2-4: GHG Emissions from Stationary Combustion by Department (metric tons) ........................................... 16 Table 2-5: CAP Emissions from Stationary Combustion by Department (metric tons) ............................................ 16 Table 2-6: Emergency Generator and Fire Pump Emission Factors .......................................................................... 17 Table 2-7: Emergency Generator and Fire Pump Alternate Emission Factors .......................................................... 17 Table 2-8: GHG & CAP Emissions from Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps (metric tons) ............................. 18 Table 3-1: CAD Fuel Consumption ........................................................................................................................... 19 Table 3-2: Emission Factors for Onroad Transportation Fuels .................................................................................. 21 Table 3-3: Effective CO2 Emission Factors of Biofuel Blends .................................................................................. 21 Table 3-4: GHG & CAP Emissions from the CAD Main Fleet (metric tons) ........................................................... 22 Table 3-5: GHG & CAP Emissions from the Executive Fleet (metric tons) ............................................................. 22 Table 3-6: GHG & CAP Emissions from PATH Diesel Equipment (metric tons) .................................................... 23 Table 4-1: Refrigerant Emissions by Facility and ODS Substitute (metric tons CO2e) ............................................. 26 Table 4-2: Fugitive Emissions from Fire Protection Equipment (metric