UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title (Un)stable Identities : : Impersonation, Conversion, and Relocation in Historia del emperador Carlo Magno y los doce pares Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/92c4d4vk Author Grinberg, Ana Publication Date 2013 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO (Un)stable Identities: Impersonation, Conversion, and Relocation in Historia del emperador Carlo Magno y los doce pares A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Literature by Ana Grinberg Committee in charge: Professor Lisa Lampert-Weissig, Chair Professor Nancy Caciola Professor Stephanie Jed Professor Seth Lerer Professor Oumelbanine Zhiri 2013 The Dissertation of Ana Grinberg is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Chair University of California, San Diego 2013 iii EPIGRAPH …En eſte libro no ẽtiẽdo ď fazer otra coſa ſaluo boluer los verſos frãceſes en proſa caſtellana, ſiguiẽdo el pie ď la letra a todo mi poder, ſin añadir ni quitar coſa algũa. Nicolás de Piemonte [In this book I will not do anything but translate the French verses in Castilian prose, following it to the letter in all my ability, without adding or eliminating anything.] iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ................................................................................................................... iii Epigraph ............................................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ v List of Figures ................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. ix Vita ................................................................................................................................ xi Abstract of the Dissertation .............................................................................................. xii Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Prologue: Fierabras in a Few Words ................................................................................. 20 Chapter I. These are not Moors, this is not Spain: Geographical and Religious Reconfiguration in Historia del emperador .......................................................... 25 Contextualizing the Players: Historical Changes around the Mediterranean ....... 32 The Moor, the Saracen, and the Turk: Are the Times a-changing? ...................... 37 Spain? This is not Spain!: Displacing Otherness .................................................. 50 Chapter II. Sheep in Wolf’s Clothing: Sartorial Identities in Historia del emperador Carlo Magno ......................................................................................................... 58 Richard, the Saracen Ambassador: Customs as Identity Markers ........................ 74 Oliver, the Saracen Knight: Disguise and Masquerade ........................................ 83 Chapter III. Baptism and Conversion: Religious (Un)stable Identities .......................... 101 Race vis-à-vis Ethnicity in Conversion............................................................... 109 Cathecization through “dulces y amorosas palabras”: Floripes as a Model cristiana nueva ........................................................................................ 128 Hesitant Belonging: Fierabras’ Loyalty vs. Lineage .......................................... 146 Chapter IV. Franks, French, and Christians: Messianism or Francophobia? ................. 157 Messianic Medieval Discourses: Political Uses of History ................................ 161 v Romance Literature as a Model for Monarchs ................................................... 172 Francophobia/philia and Piemonte’s Historia del emperador ............................ 177 Crusading Discourses and Geographical Designations ...................................... 186 Conclusion: Messianism, Crusading Spirit, and Imagined (Comm)unity .......... 194 Epilogue: Libros de caballerías and Ideological Transference: Historia del emperador and its Hypertexts ............................................................................................... 199 Appendix: Manuscripts, Incunabula, Post-Incunabula, and Early Prints of Fierabras ... 215 Manuscripts ......................................................................................................... 218 French and Occitan manuscripts ............................................................. 218 French fragments .................................................................................... 223 British manuscripts ................................................................................. 226 Italian manuscripts and fragments .......................................................... 233 Dutch manuscripts .................................................................................. 235 Belgium manuscript ................................................................................ 236 Incunabula, Post-Incunabula, and Early Editions ............................................... 237 France ..................................................................................................... 237 England ................................................................................................... 246 Italy ..................................................................................................... 248 Iberian Peninsula ..................................................................................... 253 Spain ......................................................................................... 253 Portugal ....................................................................................... 260 Germany .................................................................................................. 262 Works Cited .................................................................................................................... 264 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Map of North Africa and Europe circa 1500. (Source: William C. Brice. An Historical Atlas of Islam. Leiden: Brill, 1981) ......................................................32 Figure 2. The Ottoman Empire, 1481-1683. (Source: William R. Shepherd. The Historical Atlas) .....................................................................................................53 Figure 3. Aigues-Mortes, South of France (detail). Aigues-Mortes is shown with the arrow. (Source: William Faden, “Spain and Portugal.” General Atlas, 1796 © Cartography Associates) ........................................................................................55 Figure 4. Muslims and Christians fighting. (Source: Historia del emperador. Biblioteca Nacional de España, R/12097, fol. 21v) ................................................................76 Figure 5. Charlemagne’s knights defeat the Saracens. (Source: British Library, Egerton MS 3028, fol. 98v © British Library Board) .........................................................77 Figure 6. Knights riding “a la brida.” Battle of Etampes (detail). Chroniques de France ou de St Denis. (Source: British Library, Royal 16 G VI, fol. 81r © British Library Board) .......................................................................................................80 Figure 7. Silk textile with inscription, thirteenth century, Granada. (Source: Victoria and Albert Museum, no. 1105-1900 © Victoria and Albert Museum, London) ..........91 Figure 8. Infant Ferdinand of Castile’s coif, late twelfth or early thirteenth century. Museum of Medieval Textiles, Burgos, Spain. Inventory number 00650505. (Source: Museodeburgos.com © Museo de Burgos) .............................................92 Figure 9. Blond and white-skinned Floripes outside the prison. (Source: British Library, Egerton MS 3028, fol. 94v [detail] © British Library Board) .............................117 Figure 10. Fierabras and Olivier dismounted after Olivier’s horse is decapitated. (Source: New York, Morgan Library, ChL1555, fol. 33r) .................................................121 Figure 11. Oliver wounds Fierenbras. (Source: London, British Library, Egerton MS 3028, fol. 90r) ......................................................................................................148 Figure 12. Charles VIII’s Book of Hours. Charlemagne stands behind a praying Valois king. (Source: Biblioteca Nacional de España, Vitr/24/1, fol. 13v) ....................164 Figure 13. Monarchs to recover Jerusalem, according to Sebastian Brant’s De origine et conversatione bonorum regum et laude civitatis Hierosolymae cum exhortatione eiusdem recuperandae. Bassel: Johann Bergmann, 1495. Fol. 148r. (Source: Digital collections, © Bayerische StaatsBibliothek) ...........................................167 vii Figure 14. The Spanish Kingdoms, 1030 CE. (Source: Edward Freeman, Atlas of Historical Geography) .........................................................................................181 Figure