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About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http://books.google.com/ 1 i e I C 4 4 6 h % 1 3 4 Harvard College 4 ¥ ¥ Library ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ FROM THE BEQUEST OF JOHN HARVEY TREAT ¥ ¥ OF LAWRENCE. MASS. ¥ CLASS OF 1862 ¥ ^5J J'X, JJVJJUJjU -i^J^JJV-JjV Jjl.-/jy.JjU-/jl--Jjl--/jV-Jjl'J!L y* - 1 f THE INTERNATIONAL CATHOLIC LIBRARY Edited by Rev. J. Wilhelm, D.D., Ph.D. Joint Avtlior of the Manual of Catholic Tlitology. I. HISTORY OF THE BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. By L'Abbk jAcquiHK. Vol. I. St Paul and his Epistles. Authorised translation from the 6th French Edition, bj Rev. James Duooam. Price 7s. 6d. II. HISTORY OF THE BOOKS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. By L'Abbk ,l.\< <,i n;ii. Vol. II. The Synoptic Gospels. Autho* rised translation from the French, by Rev. James Duooan. [In preparation. III. TEN LECTURES ON THE MARTYRS. By Paul Allard. With a Preface by Mor. Pechenard, Rector of the Catholic University of Paris. Authorised translation by Luioi Cafpa- delta. Price 7s. Od. IV. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. THE RENAISSANCE. PROTESTANTISM. By Alfred Baudrillart, Rector of the Catholic Institute of Paris. Translated by Mrs Philip Qibbs. Price 7s. 6<L V. THE BLIND SISTERS OF ST PAUL. By Maurice d« la Sizerakke. Authorised translation by L. M. Liooatt. With Frontispiece, 7s. 6d, VI. SURSUM CORDA. Letters of the Counti'ss de Saint-Martial, In religion Sister Blanche, Sister of Charity of St Vincent de Paul. With Memoir by her brother, Baron Leopold de Fischer. Authorised translation from the French. With two portraits. Demy 8ro, price 7s. fld. VII. MADAME LOUISE DE FRANCE. Authorised translation from the French by Meta and Mary Brown. With Illustrations. Demy 8vo, price Cs. VIII. THE GREAT SCHISM OF THE WEST. ByL. Salembier. Professor at the Catholic University of Lille. Translated by M. D. IX. CHURCHES SEPARATED FROM ROME. ByL. Duchesne. Authorised translation by A. H. Mathxw. X. THE FINDING OF THE CROSS. Historical Researches by Louis de Combes. Authorised translation by Luiui Cappadelta. Price 6s. / XI. THE TEMPORAL SOVEREIGNTY OF THE POPES. By Mor. L. Duchesne. >' KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO. Ltd. DRYDEN HOU8E, GERRARD STREET, W. THE INTERNATIONAL CATHOLIC LIBRARY Edited by Rev. J. Wilhelm, D.D., Ph.D. VOL. IV. Nihil obstat J. WILHELM, S.T.D. Censor dcputatus Imprimi potest + GULIELMUS Episcopus ArindeUnsis Vicarius Gentralis . 0 Westmonasterii die ii Martii 1907 The Catholic Church THE RENAISSANCE AND PROTESTANTISM LECTURES GIVEN AT THE CATHOLIC INSTITUTE OF PARIS JANUARY TO MARCH 1904 By ALFRED BAUDRILLART RECTOR OF THE CATHOLIC INSTITUTE OF PARIS WITH A PREFATORY LETTER FROM H. E. CARDINAL PERRAUD OF THE FRENCH ACADEMY AUTHORISED TRANSLATION BY MRS PHILIP GIBBS XonOon KEGAN PAUL, TRENCH, TRUBNER & CO. LTD. DRYDEN HOUSE, GERRARD STREET, W. 1907 C M H b % , *| , l3> ( %l? 28 1922 J ,, TABLE OF CONTENTS PACE Letter from H. E. Cardinal Perraud xvii Preface ....... xxm What is the Renaissance, and in what particulars is it opposed to the spirit of Christianity ? — In Italy Extreme importance of the double movement of the Renais sance and the Reformation — Attitude of the Catholic Church — Historical and actual problems Definition of the Renaissance — In what way it is a revival — Return to antiquity, nature, and rationalism — Whence this return to antiquity — How the Italians of the fifteenth century were ready for an intellectual re volution — The man of the Renaissance . Political anarchy in Italy — Tyranny — Agnello of Pisa — The Visconti — Francesco Sforza — The dynasty of Naples — Tyrannicide — Without legitimacy — Remarkable person alities — Excess of individualism — Demoralisation — Italians ripe for influence of ancient and pagan spirit . The awakening of antiquity in Italy — Art : Brunelleschi — Michelet and the Leonardo da Vincis in the Louvre — Return to ancient literature — Petrarch — Humanists — Vittorino da Feltre — Mecsenas — Pretensions and exalted favours of humanists — Their fall — Their work : general Latinisation of culture— The return to the classics was not in itself contrary to the spirit of Christianity — Nor was the return to nature — The same cannot be said of the return to the spirit of the ancients viii TABLE OF CONTENTS PACK Fundamental difference between this spirit and the Christian spirit — Christian and pagan idea of life — Deification of nature — Sequere naturam : different meanings of this phrase — Rabelais — Lorenzo Valla — Beccadelli — Reha bilitation of pride and sensuality — Practical and doctrinal opposition made to Christianity — Marsilio Ficino and Pomponius Laetus — Poggio — Attacks on the part of paganising humanists against the Christian ideal, against priests and monks — Breadth and depth of this action of pagan humanism — Contrasts in Italy — The avowals of Machiavelli and Benvenuto — Incredulity, immorality, superstition — Michelet and Taine — How the Church favoured such a movement . .14 II Characteristics of the Renaissance in France, England, and Germany — The extent of its connection in these coun tries with the Protestant movement . .25 Humanism in Europe : its religious and moral influence — Why it was only studied in France, England, and Ger many — How and why the humanist movement and religious reformation were confounded in these countries, although contradictory in appearance . .25 Questions of date : chronological coincidence between the two movements — Outside Italy antiquity is merely an importation, and consequently has less influence — It does not destroy the national characteristics of art or of literature — German art in the early sixteenth century — French art of the Renaissance under Charles VIII. and Louis XII. — Superficial influence of Rosso and Primaticcio — Similarly in literature, the national genius absorbs outside influences — The masses are not affected by humanism — The social organisation of France takes no notice of it — Finally, in the moral order, France, Germany, and England are less influenced than Italy — This is why the Renaissance does not induce a return to paganism ...... 26 The Renaissance and the religious movement in Germany — Christian humanists — Wimpheling — Rodolphus Agricola TABLE OF CONTENTS ix PAGE — Pedagogues — Alexander Hegins — The part taken by the Universities — The humanists or poets of Erfurt — The early humanists wish for a moderate religious re formation — New humanism — Erasmus — Humanists of Erfurt — Reuchlin's quarrel — Germany divided into two camps— Luther's humanist partisans . .31 The Renaissance and the religious movement in England — Relations with Italy — Grocyn, Linacre, Colet, More — Coterie at Oxford and its religious inspiration — Saint Paul's School, London — Henry VIII. patron of the humanists — He deceives