ISSN 1226-9999 (print) ISSN 2287-7851 (online) 314 Jongwoo Jung Korean J. Environ. Biol. 34(4) : 314~319 (2016) https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2016.34.4.314 <Review paper> New Records of Testate Amoebae from Korea Jongwoo Jung* Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea Abstract - Testate amoebae are useful organisms when evaluating the condition of freshwater ecosystems and wetland habitats. Herein, I report on seventeen unrecorded species of testate amoebae from Korea: Arcella arenaria, A. costata, A. hemisphaerica, Centropyxis constricta, C. discoides, C. spinosa, Difflugia amphora, D. globulosa, D. longicollis, D. penardi, Heleopera rosea, Hyalosphenia subflava, Nebela militaris, N. penardiana, Netzelia wailesi, Cyphoderia ampulla, and C. trochus. Key words : testate amoeba, Arcellinida, Cercozoa, freshwater INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Testate amoebae are a polyphyletic protozoan group which Specimens used in this study were sampled from several has a test. This group includes mainly Arcellinida (Amoebo­ locations in Korea. Water plants, water moss (Sphagnum) or zoa) and Euglyphida (Cercozoa), but also it includes other benthic sediments were collected to sample testate amoe­ minor groups of protozoans. This group can be further dif­ bae. Specimens were sorted using an inverted microscope, ferentiated based on types of pseudopodia and shell materi­ AE2000 (Motic, Hong Kong). Then each specimen was als (Ogden and Hedley 1980). mounted on a hole slide glass using Canada balsam media. Testate amoebae are present in a wide range of moist and A research microscope, BX53 (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) freshwater environments such as moss, soil, peat, standing was used to observe and take picture of specimens. All the water, etc. As testate amoebae can be identified according specimens are deposited in Nation Institute of Biological to their remaining shells even after death, they are useful in Resources (NIBR), Incheon, Korea. evaluating condition of freshwater ecosystem and wetland habitats (Booth 2002). They, therefore, have been used as quantitative proxy for hydrological changes related with RESULTS AND DISCUSSION climate or human activities (Lamentowicz et al. 2013). Faunal studies on testate amoebae from Korea have been Phylum Amoebozoa Lühe, 1913 performed by several researchers (Chung and Choi 1989, Subphylum Lobosa Carpenter, 1861 1995; Chung and Cha 1990; Chung and Kang 1991; Chung Class Tubulinea Smirnov et al., 2005 et al. 1992). As a result, thirty­three species of freshwater Order Arcellinida Kent, 1880 testate amoebae have been reported in this country. But many Family Arcellidae Ehrenberg, 1843 species are still remaining to be discovered. Here I report Genus Arcella Ehrenberg, 1832 seventeen unrecorded species of testate amoebae collected from Korea. 1. Arcella arenaria Greeff, 1866 (Fig. 1A) * ‌Corresponding author: Jongwoo Jung, Tel. 02­3277­2616, Fax. 02­6937­0733, E­mail. [email protected] Material examined. 1 individual (KOSPIV0000241730): ⓒ2016. Korean Society of Environmental Biology. Testate Amoebae from Korea 315 Korea, Jeju­do, Seogwipo­si, Saikdal­dong, The 1100­meter 4. Centropyxis constricta (Ehrenberg, 1843) (Fig. 1D) Hill wetland, 33°21′29.27″N, 126°27′47.36″E, 4 July 2015, collected by Jongwoo Jung. Material examined. 1 individual (KOSPIV0000241733): Diagnosis. Shell brown, circular; hemispherical in lateral Korea, Jeollanam­do, Sinan­gun, Heuksan­myeon, Ye­ri, view. Aperture slightly invaginated, circular, bordered by a 36°68′97.52″N, 125°45′45.31″E, 21 September 2015 (Hann lip. Shell always circular in apical view, more or less dome­ Kim). shaped in lateral view; dorsal surface usually with slight Diagnosis. Shell yellow, ovoid; aboral region in lateral view folds, but very often flattened. Shell yellowish brown. spherical but slightly tapering towards the aperture; shell Aper ture small, circular in shape, its diameter barely reach­ usually smooth on the apertural surface and rough at the ing 1/5~1/6 that of the shell. Many small pores, 8~28 in aboral region; aperture invaginated, oval with semi­circular number, around the aperture. Height of the shell not less apertural rim. than 1/2 diameter of the shell. Habitat. Water plants. Habitat. Sphagnum. World distribution. Cosmopolitan. World distribution. Northern hemisphere. 5. Centropyxis discoides Penard, 1890 (Fig. 1E) 2. Arcella costata Ehrenberg, 1848 (Fig. 1B) Material examined. Twenty individuals (KOSPIV000024 Material examined. 1 individual (KOSPIV0000241731): 1734): Korea, Gyeonggi­do, Paju­si, Jori­eup, Janggok­ri, Korea, Jeju­do, Seogwipo­si, Namwon­eup, Soomang­ri, Janggokgyo Br., 37°45′06.61″N, 126°50′29.59″E, 11 June Mulyeongarioreum, 33°22′08.26″N, 126°41′35.30″E, 3 July 2015 (J. Jung). 2015 (J. Jung). Diagnosis. Shell brown, circular; discoid in lateral view. Diagnosis. Shell in side view slightly trapezoid, with a flat Small spines from lateral margin. polygonal top; aperture slightly invaginated, circular and Remarks. Variation in presence and absence of spines was bordered by a collar. reported. The specimen observed has spines. Habitat. Water plants. Habitat. Water plants. World distribution. Cosmopolitan. World distribution. Cosmopolitan. 3. Arcella hemisphaerica Perty, 1852 (Fig. 1C) 6. Centropyxis spinosa Cash, 1905 (Fig. 1F) Material examined. Twenty individuals (KOSPIV000024 Material examined. 2 individuals (KOSPIV0000241735): 1732): Korea, Gyeonggi­do, Paju­si, Jori­eup, Janggok­ri, Korea, Jeju­do, Seogwipo­si, Seongsan­eup, Onpyeong­ri, Baekmagyo Br., 37°45′45.92″N, 126°51′20.39″E, 27 June Honinji Pond, 33°24′54.74″N, 126°53′37.48″E, 4 July 2015 2015, collected by Jongwoo Jung; 1 individual: Korea, Jeju­ (J. Jung). do, Seogwipo­si, Saikdal­dong, The 1100­meter Hill wet­ Diagnosis. Shell brown, circular with six lateral spines; land, 33°21′29.27″N, 126°27′47.36″E, 4 July 2015 (J. Jung). lateral view spherical but slightly tapering towards the ap­ Diagnosis. Shell brown, circular; hemispherical in lateral erture; shell surface usually rough, and covered with sand view. Shell surface either smooth or with depressions giving grains, but area around aperture smooth; aperture invaginat­ the test an undulate appearance. Aperture slightly invaginat­ ed, oval. ed, circular, bordered by a lip. Habitat. Water plants. Habitat. Water plants. World distribution. Cosmopolitan. World distribution. Cosmopolitan. Family Difflugiidae Wallich, 1864 Family Centropyxidae Jung, 1942 Genus Difflugia Leclerc, 1815 Genus Centropyxis Stein, 1857 316 Jongwoo Jung A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Fig. 1. Testate amoebae. A, Arcella arenaria, apertural view; B, Arcella costata, apertural view; C, Arcella hemisphaerica, apertural view; D, Centropyxis constricta, apertural view; E, Centropyxis discoides, apertural view; F, Centropyxis spinosa, apetural view; G, Difflugia amphora, aperture­lateral view; H, Difflugia longicollis, lateral view; I, Difflugia penardi, lateral view; J, Heleopera rosea, lateral view; K, Nebela militaris, lateral view; L, Nebela penardiana, lateral view; M, Netzelia wailesi, lateral view; N, N. wailesi, apertural view; O, Cyphoderia ampulla, lateral view; P, Cyphoderia trochus, lateral view. Scale bars: 500 μm. Testate Amoebae from Korea 317 7. Difflugia amphora (Leidy, 1874) (Fig. 1G) Family Heleoperidae Jung, 1942 Genus Heleopera Leidy, 1879 Material examined. 1 individual (KOSPIV0000241736): Korea, Jeju­do, Seogwipo­si, Saikdal­dong, The 1100­meter 11. Heleopera rosea Penard, 1890 (Fig. 1J) Hill wetland, 33°21′29.27″N, 126°27′47.36″E, 4 July 2015 (J. Jung). Material examined. 1 individual (KOSPIV0000241740): Diagnosis. Shell brown, ovoid, circular in cross­section; Korea, Jeju­do, Seogwipo­si, Andeok­myeon, Gamsan­ri, fundus rounded aperture surrounded by shallow undulating Andeok Valley, 33°15′25.04″N, 126°21′12.23″E, 2 July lip. 2015, collected by Jongwoo Jung; 1 Individual: Korea, Habitat. Bottom sediments of ditches and lakes. Jeju­do, Seogwipo­si, Saikdal­dong, The 1100­meter Hill World distribution. Cosmopolitan. wetland, 33°21′29.27″N, 126°27′47.36″E, 4 July 2015 (J. Jung). 8. Difflugia globulosa Dujardin, 1937 Diagnosis. Shell lightly red, ovoid laterally flattened; aper­ ture terminal, angular in outline, having thin, linear slit. Material examined. 1 individual (KOSPIV0000241737): Habitat. Sphagnum and water plants. Korea, Jeju­do, Seogwipo­si, Seongsan­eup, Onpyeong­ri, World distribution. Cosmopolitan. Honinji Pond, 33°24′54.74″N, 126°53′37.48″E, 4 July 2015 (J. Jung). Family Hyalospheniidae Schulze, 1877 Diagnosis. Shell brown, spherical, rough; aperture circular, Genus Hyalosphenia Stein, 1857 surrounded by smaller particles. Habitat. Bottom sediments of ditches and lakes. 12. Hyalosphenia subflava Cash and Hopkinson, 1909 World distribution. Cosmopolitan. Material examined. 1 individual (KOSPIV0000241849): 9. Difflugia longicollis Gassowsky, 1936 (Fig. 1H) Korea, Gyeonggi­do, Paju­si, Jori­eup, Janggok­ri, Baekma­ gyo Br., 37°45′45.92″N, 126°51′20.39″E, 27 June 2015 (J. Material examined. 1 individual (KOSPIV0000241738): Jung). Korea, Jeollanam­do, Sinan­gun, Heuksan­myeon, Ye­ri, 36° Diagnosis. Shell colourless, ovoid, smooth; elliptical in 68′97.52″N, 125°45′45.31″E, 21 September 2015 (J. Jung). narrow view; oval in apertural view. Aperture terminal, oval Diagnosis. Shell yellowish brown, pyriform, rough; fundus or circular. rounded; neck tapering evenly to the aperture; aperture cir­ Habitat. Water plants. cular, surrounded by smaller particles. World