Policies and Actions of Accreditation and Quality Assurance Bodies to Counter Corruption in Higher Education Project Report | February 2019 Irene Glendinning | Stella-Maris Orim | Andrew King Coventry University, UK Policies and Actions of Accreditation and Quality Assurance Bodies to Counter Corruption in Higher Education Project Report | February 2019 Irene Glendinning | Stella-Maris Orim | Andrew King Coventry University, UK Contents list 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Methodology .......................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Results .................................................................................................................................................. 8 3.1 Results Overview ............................................................................................................................................................8 3.2 Analysis of on-line questionnaire responses ................................................................................................................8 3.2.1 Survey participants ...............................................................................................................................................8 3.2.2 Responses about corruption in the regulation of higher education ................................................................11 3.2.3 Corruption in the Teaching Role in Higher Education ......................................................................................13 3.2.4 Corruption in Admissions and Recruitment ......................................................................................................16 3.2.5 Corruption in Student Assessment ....................................................................................................................18 3.2.6 Corruption in Credentials and Qualifications....................................................................................................21 3.2.7 Corruption in Research and Publication ...........................................................................................................23 3.2.8 General feedback from participants ..................................................................................................................25 3.3 Analysis of Interview data ...........................................................................................................................................28 3.3.1 Views on responses to corruption in the regulation of Higher Education ......................................................29 3.3.2 Views on actions against corruption in the governance of higher education institutions .............................31 3.3.3 Different perceptions on acceptability of corruption within higher education ..............................................31 3.3.4 Views on actions against corruption in teaching roles in higher education ...................................................32 3.3.5 Views on actions against corruption in HE admissions and recruitment .......................................................32 3.3.6 Views on actions against corruption in HE assessment ...................................................................................33 3.3.7 Views on actions against corruption in credentials and qualifications ..........................................................34 3.3.8 Views on actions against corruption in research and publication ..................................................................34 3.3.9 Networking and communication to help address corruption in higher education ........................................37 4. Discussion .............................................................................................................................................38 5. Recommendations .................................................................................................................................41 6. Conclusions ..........................................................................................................................................42 References ...............................................................................................................................................43 Appendices ...............................................................................................................................................52 Appendix 1: List of Acronyms .....................................................................................................................53 Appendix 2: List of participants in interviews and informal discussions .........................................................54 Appendix 3: Survey questions ....................................................................................................................55 Appendix 4: Additional feedback from respondents to the questionnaire ......................................................61 Appendix 5 ...............................................................................................................................................64 Literature review ......................................................................................................................................64 A5.1 Key literature sources ................................................................................................................................................64 A5.2 Literature on different types of corruption...............................................................................................................65 A5.2.1 Regulation of higher education systems .........................................................................................................65 A5.2.2 The teaching role of higher education .............................................................................................................67 A5.2.3 Student admission and recruitment ...............................................................................................................69 A5.2.4 Student assessment .........................................................................................................................................71 A5.2.5 Credentials and qualifications .........................................................................................................................73 A5.2.6 Research and publication ................................................................................................................................75 A5.3 Summary of literature review ...................................................................................................................................78 List of Figures and Tables Figure Title Page 1 What is the main purpose of your organization? ....................................................................................... 9 2 Levels of operation of AQABs ...................................................................................................................... 9 3 Area of operation of AQABs.........................................................................................................................10 4 How interested is your organisation in these categories? .......................................................................11 5 Corruption in the regulation of higher education ....................................................................................11 6 Possible responses to corruption in regulation of HE ..............................................................................12 7 How often are actions of this type observed by your organization? ......................................................13 8 Corruption in higher education teaching ..................................................................................................14 9 Possible responses to corruption in HE teaching .....................................................................................14 10 How often are actions of this type observed by your organisation? ......................................................15 11 Corruption in admissions and recruitment ..............................................................................................16 12 Possible responses to corruption in admissions and recruitment ..........................................................17 13 How often are actions of this type observed by your organization? ......................................................17 14 Corruption in assessment ..........................................................................................................................18 15 Possible responses to corruption in assessment .....................................................................................19 16 How often are actions of this type observed by your organization? ......................................................20 17 Corruption in credentials and qualifications ............................................................................................21 18 Possible responses to corruption in credentials and qualifications .......................................................22 19 How often are actions of this type observed by your organization? ......................................................22