Regional Wheat Research for Development Edited by Tadesse Dessalegn East African Agricultural Productivity Project Wheat Regional Center of Excellence vhlw? fiflc? rcrc Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Regional Wheat Research for Development Proceedings of the 3ld Regional Wheat Progress Review September 2014, Adama, Ethiop © Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, 2015 Copyeditor: Abebe Kirub TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms and Abbreviations 2 Words from ASARECA 3 Genotype by Environment Interaction and Yield Stability in Bread Wheat Genotypes in East Africa 6 Evaluation of Spring Bread Wheat Advanced Lines across Different Environments of Tanzania 15 24 24Responses of Bread Wheat Genotypes to Fertilizer and Seed Rates Arsi Zone, Ethiopia 24Responses Responses of Bread Wheat Varieties to N and P Moist and Humid Midhighland Vertisols of Arsi Zone, Ethiopia 35 Monitoring of Major Foliar Diseases ofWheat in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda 46 Evaluation of Herbicides in Wheat 55 Developing and Introducing Pre-Harvest Implements 61 Developing and Fabricating Small-scale Wheat Thresher 69 Disseminating Improved Wheat Technology through Pre-Extension Demonstration in Ethiopia 72 Determinants of Fanners’ seed demand for improved wheat varieties in Ethiopia: A Double Hurdle Model Approach 84 Enhancing Adoption of Improved Wheat Technologies, Innovations and Management through Dissemination, Up-Scaling and Knowledge Management 94 Wheat Production Efficiency in Major Producing Areas of Ethiopia 103 Developing manually-operated single row precision Wheat-Cum-Fertilizer planter 112 Distribution, Physiologic Races and Reaction of Wheat Cultivars to Virulent Races of Leaf Rust in Southeastern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia 125 Durum Wheat Research and Achievements 140 Yield and Yield Stability of Bread Wheat Genotypes 149 in Lowland Irrigated Areas 149 Evaluation of Bread Wheat Genotypes for Yield and Yield Components in Irrigated Lowland Areas 155 Closing Remarks 159 List of participants 161 1 Acronyms and Abbreviations AFrll African Innovation Innovative AMMI Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction APPRC Ambo Plant Protection Research Center ARARI Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute ( ASARECA Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in East and Central Africa ASV AMMI stability values BBM Broad Bed Maker CADDP Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program CIMMYT Centro Intcmacional dc Mcjoramiento de Mai/ y Trigo (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center) DRRW Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat EAAPP Eastern Africa Agricultural Productivity Project EIAR Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Eol Expression of Interest ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan FARA Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa FIG Farmer innovation grant system, FREG Farmer Research Extension Group GEI genotype by environmental interaction GTP Growth and Transformation Plan ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas IPCA Interaction Principal Component Axis IPMP Integrated Pest Management Plan KARLO Kenya Agricultural Research and Livestock Organization MARC Mekele Agricultural Research Center MMT Million Metric Tons MRR Marginal Rate of Return NEPAD New Partnership for Africa Development NIR Near Infrared Reflectance NRI Natural Resources Institute RCoE Regional Center of Excellence SNNP Southern Nation Nationalities People SSA Sub-Saharan Africa T&D Training and Dissemination USAID United Stales Agency for International Development WRCoE Wheat Regional Center of Excellence 2 Words from ASARECA Vincent Akulumuka1 and Apophia Muhimbura2 1 EAAPP Program Manager; ASARECA-Uganda 2 Environmental and Social Safeguard Specialist; ASARECA-Uganda What is cxpectcd from the reviews: Reviews of the regional projects implemented under the RCoEs jointly by researchers from the 4 EAAPP implcmeting countries is an annual event which track the implementation progress of the past one year. The wheal review is the last commodity reviewed in 2014. Others reviewed included project under dairy RCoE, which took place in May 13-15, 2014, followed by projects under rice RCoE in July 16-18, 2014 and projects under cassava RCoE in July 28-30. 2014. It should be noted that these reviews arc the last carried out in phase I of EAAPP. The main expectations from the 2014 wheat review included: ° Monitor regional integration in terms of seeing how regional projects arc clearly demonstrating regional dimensions such as addressing regional priorities, demonstration of RCoE leadership in ensuring the agreed designs are followed, communication among research team is enhanced, fostering information sharing, and regional projects have clear focus on the “end products” such as new varieties, innovative technology pathways, clear strategy for publishing results into journals and other media; • Quality of presentation in terms of visibility, clarity, content, andengaging the audience; and • Reflection and way forward The Roles of RCoEs Experience gathered from the past reviews show that the roles and responsibilities of the RCoE arc somewhat forgotten and hence a need for reminders is apparent. In that respect, the agreed roles and responsibilities of the Wheat RCoE developed in November 2012 during the Mid Term Review Implementation Support Mission was shared again to the scientists and development specialists presen in this review. It was agreed for the Wheat RCoE to: o Lead in the development of wheat technologies; o Coordinate the implementation of all pro jects' activities; o Provide training to scientists and other stakeholders; o Enhance access of proven technologies by other countries; o Ensure sharing of information and knowledg across countries; and o Strengthen linkages with national, regional and international institutions Planning, implementing and reviewing projects It was felt important to also revert to the agreed steps to follow when planning, implementing, reviwe ng and concluding regional projects. This is thought important because EAAPP phase I is coming to a close and transition to phase II is yet uncertain. Thus, the steps agreed by wheat stakeholders in 2012 were: • Identifying regional priority areas with participation of partner countries; • Developing concept notes on identified priority areas; 8 Approving regional projects using the agreed procedures under the RCoE; • Implementation of the projects; and • Reporting in the reviews and other fora Features of regional projects Alongside the planning and review process, also agreed on were the key features qualifying the regional projects as: • they should be implemented in more than one EAAPP implementing country; 3 • they should demonstrate the potential for improving regional intergration; • they should have potential for spill-overs; • they should have potential for building new strategic partnerships and in addition they should have potential to positively impact on economic growth, social welfare, natural resource management, and capacity building Rotes sind responsibilities of Principle Investigators under Wheat RCoE Principle Investigators are key in spearheading the implementation of the regional projects so as to ensure implemcnters are on track. In that respect, it was fell necessary to remind them of their roles and responsibilities and more so as the project comes close to the end of Phase I. The roles are: • Coordinating project planning and implementation; • Monitoring implemetation to achieve set objectives and results and promote(?) the findings to wider stakeholders; • Developing practical linkages amongst project implementation teams; • Enhancing information and knowledge sharing; • Organizing meetings and training sessions; and • Preparing technical reports End of EAAPP Phase I Evaluation As EAAPP comes closer to the end of phase I, it is a pre-requisite to carry out an independent end of phase I e\aluation. The workshop participants were informed that a consulting firm formed by the Natural Resources Institute (NRI) of the University of Greenwich (UoG) based in the United Kingdom had won the award for carrying out the evaluation. NRI/UoG had teamed up with the African Innovation Iniative (Afrll) based in Kampala Uganda. The consulting firm had its first inception meeting in Naivasha during the 8lh EAAPP mission wrap-up and had one on one discussion with Kenya, Ethiopia and Tanzania teams. The focus of the evaluation will include the following: • Undertaking the economic analysis and assessing the implemnted projects paying attention to the number of direct and indercct beneficiaries reached, and quantities of benefit accrued • Assessing EAAPP performance in meeting its project Development Objectives (PDO) as stipulated in its results framework. Key Performance Indicators at PDO level are: o rate of change in regional specialization and collaboration in agricultural research; o rate of increase in information and knowledge transfer across national boundaries; o rate of change in adoption of new technologies; o rate of change in increase of land areas with seed of improved cultivars; o increase in productivity at farm level over control technology; and o level of stakeholders satisfaction with technologies and innovation • Generating key lessons learned that could be used to inform the design of EAAPP Phase 2. Transition of EAAPP from Phase I to Phase II Workshop participants were informed that the High Level Leaders (Permanent Secretaries, Principal Secretaries, State Minister) of the four countries implementing