DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY What Snuck about Hopewell and Other Places and Outside the ‘imaginative estate’ Canon, Dialect and Aesthetics in Northern Irish Poetry McKendry, Scott Award date: 2020 Awarding institution: Queen's University Belfast Link to publication Terms of use All those accessing thesis content in Queen’s University Belfast Research Portal are subject to the following terms and conditions of use • Copyright is subject to the Copyright, Designs and Patent Act 1988, or as modified by any successor legislation • Copyright and moral rights for thesis content are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners • A copy of a thesis may be downloaded for personal non-commercial research/study without the need for permission or charge • Distribution or reproduction of thesis content in any format is not permitted without the permission of the copyright holder • When citing this work, full bibliographic details should be supplied, including the author, title, awarding institution and date of thesis Take down policy A thesis can be removed from the Research Portal if there has been a breach of copyright, or a similarly robust reason. 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Sep. 2021 What Snuck about Hopewell and Other Places & Outside the ‘imaginative estate’: Canon, Dialect and Aesthetics in Northern Irish Poetry by William Scott McKendry, B.A., M.A. Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the School of Arts, English and Languages, Queen’s University Belfast in September 2019 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Contents WHAT SNUCK ABOUT HOPEWELL AND OTHER PLACES Hopewell Place 6 Nineties Lumpen Proletarian Nights 7 End of the Row 8 Road Makers and Erato 9 Hafʋrz 10 Exile on Landscape Terrace 12 Sam’s Loney 13 King Billy 15 The Local Mirror 16 So, Yip 17 You’re in the Mater 18 Despot 19 Nex d’Or 20 Neuterdom 21 Living with Happy 22 Footprint 23 Bob, the Moon and the Black Mountain 24 The Coaster and the Latchkey Kid 25 Venus over Windsor Park 26 Westland 27 (I, Yi, Yi, Yi) Agnes Street 28 Natural 29 Page 1 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Mʋrl 30 Helen of Foreman Street 32 Conlon Street, Easter Tuesday 33 Maladministration 34 ‘Etappe’ 35 Rumford Street Refuse 36 Leadbetter Street Blues 37 Divis Mountain Trespass 38 Robinson on Leave 39 Conlig Street 40 On University’s Quareness 41 The Ulster You 42 Ingrėıt 43 Cage out to the Harlequin Kerb 45 Who Separates Us? 46 The Colour of Salmon 47 Blind Art I: Punch 48 Blind Art II: Beef 49 Blind Art III: Luncheon with Atty 50 The Last Giant Spider Ghost of Letterfad 51 Art Installation on the County Border 52 Selkie 53 Denmark Street 54 Ragnail 55 Souvenir 56 Down in the Gayeulles 57 Scotch Bill 58 Culchie Cognoscente 59 Page 2 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis To yer Man at DPD’s Munster Depot 60 Hendı 61 The Floating World made Lumpen Proletarious 63 Ladybird 64 Your Granda Ernie Burst My Ball 65 Doagh 66 OUTSIDE THE ‘IMAGINATIVE ESTATE’: CANON, DIALECT AND AESTHETICS IN NORTHERN IRISH POETRY Abstract for Critical Study 68 Introduction: Unmapping the ‘imaginative estate’ 70 I. ‘But he had been unfrocked’: Joseph Campbell and the Northern Lyric 114 II. ‘What, afraid | of catching something?’: Martin Mooney’s ‘Minor’ Poetry 155 III. ‘Ah’m here becos’ Ah’m here’: Northern Poetry and Nonstandard English 195 IV. Swift, Skaz, Slabber, Pop: Dialect and the Poetry of Alan Gillis 232 Conclusion: Peeping over the Ivied Wall 279 BRIDGING STATEMENT: BRIDGING ESTATES 298 APPENDICES 1: Geese in the Hammer: An Autoethnographical Essay 314 2: The Graphemes of Shallow Eejıt 329 BIBLIOGRAPHY 331 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 360 Page 3 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis WHAT SNUCK ABOUT H OPEWELL AND OTHER PLACES Page 4 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Come, buy my fine Oranges, Sauce for your Veal, And charming when squeez’d in a Pot of brown Ale. Well roasted, with Sugar and Wine in a Cup, They’ll make a sweet Bishop when Gentlefolks sup. —Jonathan Swift, ‘Oranges’, 1746 … D’éirigh siad lofa péisteach ar chumhacht Na huasaicme, uabhar an élite, ach tá na sans culottes Ar na gaobhair agus caint ar Madame Guillotine. —Pól Ó Muirí, ‘Muscaedóiri’, 2000 Page 5 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 6 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 7 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 8 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 9 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 10 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 11 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 12 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 13 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 14 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 15 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 16 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 17 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 18 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 19 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 20 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 21 of 362 WS McKendry · PhD Thesis Page 22 of 362 WS 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