Non-Members can obtain this publication from the Secretary, post free 2/- per annum. The Monthly of South Place Ethical Society, CONWAY HALL, RED LION SQUARE, W.C.I. Telephone: CHANCERY 8032. OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY. .. The Objects of the Society are the study and dissemination 01 ethical principles and the cultivation of a rational religious sentiment." SUNDAY MORNING SERVICES. The following DISCOURSES will be delivered, the Services beginning at ELEVEN O'CLOCK. September 30.-W. H. KERRIDGE. M.A., Mus.Rac.-Religion in Soviet Russia. Son!j.ta in A, Op. 120, for Pianoforte '" Schubert I . Allegro moderato. IL Andante. III. Allegro. MR.' WILLIAM BuscH. No. 108. Say not they die, those martyr souls. Hymns {NO. 63. All grim, and soiled, and brown with tan. October 7.-0LAF STAPLEDON.-Outgrowing a Great Religion. Bass Solo-The Valley Gounod MR. G. C. DOWMAN. Soprano Solo-My Heart Ever FaithfuL.. Bach MISS HEBE SIMPSON. Violin Obbligato by MR. G. HUTCHINSON. J No 26. "All grows," says Doubt, "all falls, decays and dies." Hymns 1 No. 226. The place of worship is not bound. October 14.-JOHN A. HORSON, M.A.-Human Survival. Pianoforte Solo-Sonata in C minor, Op. 13 (Pathetique) Beetlwven I . Grave-Allegro di molto e con brio-Grave--Allegro-Grave. II. Adagio Cantabile. III. Rondo; Allegro. MR. WILLIAM BuscH. No. 1. Be true to every inmost thought. Hymns { No. 28 (Second tune). Oh dew of life! oh light of earth! October 21.-Prof. F. AVELlNG, D.lit.-Th. Psychology of Religious Experience. First Two Movements of Sonata for Pianoforte and Violin Elgar 1. Allegro. II. Romance: Andante. MR. WILLIAM BUSCH and MR. ANGEL GRANDE. No. 76. These things shall be! A loftier race Hymns { No. 103. 0 truth! 0 freedom! how ye still are born. October 28.- S. K. RATCLlFFE.-Some Impressions of Sc-andinavia. Bass Solo-Aufenthalt Schubert MR. G. C. DowMAN. Soprano Solos-(a) Ein Schwann ... (b) Solveig's Lied Grieg MISS HEBE SIMPSON. r No. 23. There is a song now Singing. Hymns 1 No. 40. ArlSe, my soul! nor dream the hours of life away. The Committee request the audience to retrain trom applause. Pianist: MR. WILLIAM BuscH. A Hymn Practice, to which all persons desirous at improving the hymn singing are invited, is held at the close oj each Service. A Collection is made at each Service, to enable tlwse present to contribute to tlu expenses oj the SOciety. VISITORS WELCOME. OFFICIAL CAR PARK--Opposite Main Entrance. MEMBERSHIP Any person in sympathy with the Objects of the Society is cordially invited to become a MEMBER. The minimum annual subscription is 10s., but it is hoped that Members will subscribe as generously as possible. Any person may join as an Associate, but will not be eligible to vote or hold office. Full-time students at Univer­ sities and Secondary Schools are also eligible to become Associates. Further par­ ticulars may be obtained before and after the Services. or on application to the Hon. Registrar. Miss R. HALLS. Conway Hall. Red Lion Square. W.C.I. An urgent appeal is made to Members and friends of the Society to increase their subscriptions or to give donations to assist the Society to meet its heavy annual expenditure. The work of the Registrar would be considerably lightened if Members would pay their subscriptions annually. Secretary: S. G. GREEN. Conway Hall. Red Lion Square. W.C.I. HONORARY OFFICERS Trealfurer ... C. E. LrSTER. Conway Hall. W.C.I. Sunday Lecture Secretary S. G. GREEN, Con way Hall. W.C.I. Minutes Secretary... Miss E. SMITH. 13, Regent Square, W.C.I. Registrar of Members and {MisS R. HALLS, 121, Studdridge Street. Parsons Green. Associates ... ... S.W.6. Editor of MONTHLY RECORD E. P. HART, 18, St. Albans Road, N.W.5. I Mrs. T. LINDSAY, 33, Dawlish Avenue, Greenford. Librarians ... ... 1 F. STUTTIG, "Enmore," 12, Durand G ns, Stockwell, S.W.9 THE GENERAL COMMITTEE will meet on Wednesday, October 3, at 6.30 p.m., at Conway Hall. Correspondence dealing with matters for consideration should be forwarded to the Secretary, S. G. GREEN, Con way Hall, Red Lion Square, W.C.l, at the earliest possible moment. All matters relating to finance should be addressed to the Treasurer. Secretaries of Sub-Committees are requested to note that any matter which they wish to insert in the MONTHLY RECORD should be in the hands of the Editor as early in the month as pOSSible, and in any case not later than Friday, October 19. FUNERAL SERVICES can be arranged by the SOCiety. Applications should be made to the Secretary, S. G. GREEN, Conway Hall, Red Lion Square, W.C.I. (Telephone. Chancery 8032.) MEMBERS INCAPACITATED.-Will any reader who hears of a member of the Society incapacitated through sickness kindly inform the Secretary, Conway Hall, or communicate with any other officer of the Society. The SOciety does not hold itself responsible for views expressed or reported in the .. RECORD." MRS. BARBARA WOOTTON ON "THE MEANING OF SOCIAL EQUALITY" - The objection which is usually made to social equality is that people are not. never have been. and never will be equal. Muddled thinking is at the basis of this objection-the confusion of specific with general inequalities. Specific attributes such as skill. intelligence and physical str,ength are measurable. but we cannot measure the intrinsic superiority of one person over another in respect of qualities in general. .... Even the specific differences between normal individuals are strictly limited; for example. nobody can be five hundred times as intelligent as another person. Social class is the fundamental obstacle to equality. It implies social separate­ ness; people cannot mix freely. and marriage between members of different classes rarely takes place. Social inequality occurs where privileges are conferred upon people regardless of the function they perform in the community. and again, where the respect paid to a specific quality is extended until the possessor is regarded as a superior being. The only publicly acknowledged class distinction in this country is that of hereditary aristocracy. The" gentry," too. is a special category of individuals to which one cannot belong if engaged in trade or manual labour. But aristocracy and the gentry are both archaic survivals from an older social system upon which our present s.ystem is based. The real foundation of social inequality to-day is wealth. Wealth classification causes a great gulf between those enjoying large incomes and II those at the other end of the scale of incomes. How can these barriers be broken down? TIle establishment of examinations and professional qualifications has been one means to the reduction of class privilege. Education enables a few to cllmb from one social group to another, but this is rather an infiltration than a breaking down of barriers. The differences in speech and clothes between sOCIal groups has greatly diminished, owing largely to the influence of the. Pre~ ,. wireless and the cinema. But practically no progress is being made m reducI.ng ~l.lstIDct~ons of wealth. In discussing the possibilities of a completely equa~ltanan sO~lety,. we m~st temper equalitarianism with common sense. No commumty can eXlst. w~thout c}lf­ ferences in authority' this must be vested in those best able to exerCIse It, ID relatIOn to the work to be do~e but in no other sphere. Differences in wealth will continue for some time, but th~y should not be the outcome of a ~ross exa~geration ~f the differences between individuals. No cause has worse enerrues than Its best fnends, and undue dogmatism about minor differences in wealth and authority is harmful to the cause of social equality. F. W. DR. C. DEllS LE BURNS ON "EDUCATION FOR PEACE" TIle problem of education, in so far as its object is the establishment of peace, may be treated from three standpoints: the method of education, its subject-matter and its instruments. But before passing to the consideration of each of these. it is necessary to define the meaning of .. peace." The conception of peace still suffers from linguistic associations: the idea of peace has constantly been coupled with the notion of rest. So obsessed are we with the requiescat in pace of gravestooe tradition that we almost inevitably believe that peace signifies a dreamless slumber and that war, being at least an activity, should command our preference. This illusion will only be dispelled when it is generally realised that peace means nothing less than an organised co-operation between peoples, widely differing in religion and culture, for the purpose of promoting the Common Good. Far from being a call to repose, peace demands a strenuous activity on the part of each one of us, to the end of securing the Common Good of nations and of maintaining its existence when once it has been secured. Now the present misunderstanding of the meaning of peace is an indication of defective education. The remedy for this is to be found, first, in a modification of teaching methods. Greater emphasiS must be laid on the historical aspect of school subjects. Arithmetic, for example, should be taught not as a fixed set of dogmas, but as a gradual development of the technique of calculation to which contribution was made by thinkers from many countries. Insistence on the historical side of culture will enable children to gain an idea of human solidarity; for, even in its simplest forms, civilisation is international. Secondly, the reform of educational subject-matter is long overdue. TIle story of mankind, for instance, is still learnt as though it had nothing to relate but a series of wars and political intrigues.