THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE FOOD SECURITY AND COOPERATIVES AGRICULTURAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IRRIGATION DEVELOPMENT SUB-COMPONENT THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT (SESA) FOR THE NATIONAL IRRIGATION MASTER PLAN (NIMP) AND THE NATIONAL IRRIGATION POLICY (NIP) FINAL SESA REPORT VOLUME II: MAIN REPORT 25TH APRIL 2011 SUBMITTED BY CONSULTANT: SMEC International Pty Limited P.O. Box 105866 Uganda Avenue/Mzinga Way Plot 191, Oyster Bay Dar es Salaam, Tanzania THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT (SESA) FOR THE NATIONAL IRRIGATION MASTER PLAN (NIMP) AND THE NATIONAL IRRIGATION POLICY (NIP) VOLUME II: MAIN REPORT Prepared by: SMEC International Pty Limited For The Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and Cooperatives, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania SESA Team: Mr. Victor A. Gillespie, SMEC, Team Leader / ESIA – SESA Specialist Prof. Fredrick Mwanuzi, SMEC, Deputy Team Leader / ESIA – SESA Specialist Mr. Vernon Copeland, SMEC, Agronomist Ms. Janet Ishengoma, SMEC, Sociologist Dr. Reuben Kadigi, SMEC, Economist Eng. Stephen Kamugisha, SMEC, Irrigation Engineer Dr. Japhet Kashaigili, SMEC, Hydrologist (General) Ms. Priscilla Madzonga, SMEC, Legal Specialist Prof. Pantaleo Munishi, SMEC, Ecologist Dr. Peter Hawkins, SMEC, Water Quality/Public Health Expert Mr. Rob van der Weert, SMEC, Hydrologist (Climate Specialist) The Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) for the National Irrigation Master Plan (NIMP) and the National Irrigation Policy (NIP) 25th April 2011 Page | i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Project Team acknowledges with appreciation the Key Stakeholders who provided their time and shared their knowledge. The Project Team also acknowledges with appreciation the hard work and insight of Deputy Permanent Secretary Eng. M. Futakamba (Former Director of the Division of Irrigation and Technical Services (DITS); Acting Director of DITS, Eng. R.L. Daluti; and the Assistant Director for Irrigation Planning and Design, Eng. G.M. Kalinga. We acknowledge with thanks the specific guidance and constructive comments received from the SESA Steering Committee. We extend our acknowledgment to District Commissioners (DCs), District Executive Directors (DEDs), District Agriculture and Livestock Development Officers (DALDOs), Zonal Irrigation Engineers (ZIEs) and Basin Water Officers (BWOs). Special gratitude goes to the Counterpart Staff Eng. L. Simukanga (Environmental Engineer) and Mr. R. Komanga (Sociologist) for planning the field investigation, the stakeholder consultative schedules and critical advices. We received valuable assistance and hospitality from farmers and Irrigators Organizations (IOs) leaders. The Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) for the National Irrigation Master Plan (NIMP) and the National Irrigation Policy (NIP) 25th April 2011 Page | ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................... II TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................. III LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................................VII LIST OF FIGURES.......................................................................................................VIII ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...........................................................................IX 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................1 1.2 Description of the Assignment ................................................................................2 1.3 Differences between Environmental Impact Assessment and Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment ...................................................................3 1.4 Previous Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment in Tanzania ..................4 1.5 Study Scope and Objectives...................................................................................5 1.6 Methodology ...........................................................................................................8 1.7 Organization of this Report .....................................................................................8 2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY FOR THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT.................................................................................. 9 2.1 Approach ................................................................................................................9 2.2 Methodology .........................................................................................................11 2.3 Assessment of Schemes ......................................................................................18 2.4 Process for Developing the Strategic Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan ......................................................................................................................21 3 POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK................................... 23 3.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................23 3.2 National Irrigation Policy and National Irrigation Master Plan Pertinent Policies and Legislation ............................................................................................................23 3.3 Policy Framework .................................................................................................25 3.4 Legal Framework..................................................................................................31 The Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) for the National Irrigation Master Plan (NIMP) and the National Irrigation Policy (NIP) 25th April 2011 Page | iii 3.5 Administrative Framework ....................................................................................39 3.6 Regional Agreements and Conventions................................................................42 3.7 International Agreements and Conventions ..........................................................45 3.8 Analysis of the Institutional and Regulatory Environments ....................................48 3.9 Institutional Environment.......................................................................................49 3.10 Environmental Regulatory Environment................................................................51 3.11 Water Resources Regulatory Environment ...........................................................53 3.12 Land Resources Regulatory Environment.............................................................56 3.13 Identified Potentially Significant Issues .................................................................59 3.14 Legal Framework for Irrigation Development and Management ............................61 3.15 Irrigation Trusts.....................................................................................................63 3.16 Constitution, By-Laws of an Irrigation Entity..........................................................64 3.17 Enforcement .........................................................................................................65 3.18 Summary of Recommendations............................................................................66 4 SCOPING............................................................................................................... 68 4.1 Introduction...........................................................................................................68 4.2 Scoping Approach ................................................................................................68 4.3 Key Issues and Concerns .....................................................................................68 4.4 Identification of Alternatives ..................................................................................79 4.5 Scoping Results....................................................................................................79 5 THE NATIONAL IRRIGATION POLICY ................................................................ 80 5.1 Purpose of the Policy............................................................................................80 5.2 Policy Objectives ..................................................................................................80 5.3 Description............................................................................................................80 5.4 Analysis of the Policy............................................................................................85 5.5 Potentially Significant Policy Issues ......................................................................86 6 THE NATIONAL IRRIGATION MASTER PLAN .................................................... 87 6.1 Purpose of the Plan ..............................................................................................87 The Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment (SESA) for the National Irrigation Master Plan (NIMP) and the National Irrigation Policy (NIP) 25th April 2011 Page | iv 6.2 Plan Objectives.....................................................................................................87 6.3 Criteria used by the National Irrigation Master Plan to prioritize and