Maintenance Strategies and Condition of Public Secondary School Buildings in Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Area Ogun State, Nigeria A Ph.D Thesis By IZOBO-MARTINS OLADUNNI OLUWATOYIN CUGP070182 Supervisor: Prof. E.A Adeyemi Co-Supervisor: Prof. A.O Olotuah SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF POSTGRADUATE STUDIES, IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PH.D) IN ARCHITECTURE, COVENANT UNIVERSITY, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA November, 2014. 1 DECLARATION I, Izobo-Martins Oladunni Oluwatoyin, declare that the work referred to in this thesis was carried out entirely by me under the supervision of Prof. E.A Adeyemi (Main Supervisor) of the Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Canaan-Land, Ota, Ogun State and Prof. Abiodun Olotuah (Co-Supervisor) of the Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State. I certify that no portion of the thesis has been submitted in support of any application for another degree or qualification in this or any other university or institutions of learning. All sources of scholarly information referred to in this thesis were properly acknowledged. -------------------------------- Izobo-Martins Oladunni 2 CERTIFICATION This thesis titled a Study, Maintenance Strategies and Condition of Public Secondary School Buildings in Ado-Odo/Ota L.G.A; Ogun State, Nigeria carried out by Oladunni Izobo-Martins under my supervision meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in the Department of Architecture, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. I certify that it has not been submitted in part or full for the award of the degree of Ph.D. or any other degree in this or any other University, and is approved for its contribution to knowledge and literary presentation. ------------------------- Date----------------- Prof. E.A. Adeyemi Supervisor ---------------------------- Date----------------- Prof. A.O. Olotuah Co-Supervisor ---------------------------- Date------------------- Dr. E.O. Ibem Head of Department --------------------------- Date--------------------- 3 DEDICATION This work is dedicated to the Alpha and Omega, the only God who has given me strength to finally complete the programme, I do not deserve this but yet I am blessed. Secondly, to my hubby: Leonard Izobo- Martins and our kids. Lastly, to my parents, Mr.& Mrs. E.O Aiyelabola who have been there to provide support from day one. Thanks, Mum and Dad, for always being there. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I sincerely give thanks to Almighty God for His grace, mercies, goodness and protection in the journey of my life. The end of a thing is indeed better than the beginning there of. During the past six years I have had the valuable experience of being able to work with many exceptional people that have collectively encouraged me in my life and career. My Supervisors, Prof. E.A. Adeyemi (my pathfinder) and Prof. A.O. Olotuah have been key players in this success, for imparting great wisdom, helping me to maintain my focus, and creating a desire to continue the research. I also appreciate my former Deputy Dean and Head of Department Prof. O. Solanke of blessed memory for his guidance and supply of research CDs. I am also grateful to my Deputy Dean, Dr. S.A. Oloyede for reading this thesis several times despite his busy schedule. I would also like to express my thanks to my Head of Department, Dr. E.O Ibem for his administrative support at all times. I am as well grateful to Prof. Iyagba of Department of Building, University of Lagos, Akoka; Prof Stella Zubairu of Department of Architecture Federal University of Technology Minna, Prof. T.O. Mosaku of Department of Building Technology, Covenant University, Ota; Prof Fasakin of Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Dr. Taiwo of Department of Architecture both of Federal University of Technology, Akure for their invaluable contributions. Special thanks to Dr. A.A.Oluwatayo, Mr. Wole Odetunmibi, Dr. Olawande Oni (of blessed memory) of Covenant University, Ota, whose assistances in data analysis had proven invaluable. I am highly indebted to Arc Ayo Vaughan (former Permanent Secretary) Ogun State Ministry of Housing and Principals of public secondary schools in the study area for their immense assistances during the fieldwork of this study. 5 I have also developed many close friendships while in the program, and I would not have made it without their support and of wisdom of Dr. Adesola Ajayi, Dr. Grace Olasehinde, Dr. M.O. Ajibola and Dr. F.O. Olokoyo. Thanks for the great memories, support and care you provided. My colleagues, Dr. E.B. Aduwo, Dr. B.A. Adewale, Dr. C.O. Adeokun, Dr. Dare-Abel, Dr. I. C. Ezema, Arc. O.U. Uwakonye, Arc. O.A. Fulani, Dr. P.A. Aderonmu, and Dr. A.B. Adeboye, you never declined to help and criticize the work. To a host of others too numerous to mention, your goodwill and kindness have made my world a success. I would like to thank members of my immediate family, especially my parents, Mr. & Mrs E.O. Aiyelabola, who made schooling to be my right and not a priviledge, I am standing on the foundations that you gave me as a child both of you provided support from day one of this programme. To my adorable siblings, Ronke, Segun and Omolayo, thanks for your support and efforts. I am highly grateful to my hubby Leoonard Tanuro Izobo-Martins who never deprive me of my dreams but always supportive during the difficult and trying periods experienced in the course of my study. You were always supporting my need to read or write and seemingly neglect time with the family, because you have a propensity for understanding. I am grateful and thankful for your unquantifiable kindness. I am also indebted to my kids, great Nation Oyindamope and the mighty Nation Morayooluwa for your understanding and unflinching support, you both came in the course of this study, yet studying is not difficult with you. Both of you are strong and healthy all the time to be left with your daddy to allow me to stay back in school. God bless you all. 6 Lastly, to all those that have helped me in one way or the other, to those other people I may have forgotten to mention here but deserved to be mentioned, I want to say I sincerely appreciate you all. Thank you all and God bless. 7 ABSTRACT There is a growing awareness that appropriate maintenance strategies can help to improve the present conditions of buildings in public secondary schools in Nigeria. However, there are few studies on the most appropriate maintenance strategies to be engaged in by maintenance managers to improve the conditions of the existing academic buildings in public secondary schools in this country. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the present conditions of academic buildings and the maintenance strategies in the public secondary schools in Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Area of Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria. The study examined the availability and conditions of academic buildings in Public Secondary Schools. A survey research strategy and stratified random sampling technique were used in selecting thirty-six public secondary schools out of forty-seven in the study area. Structured questionnaire was used to extract primary data from the users of the academic buildings, while direct observations were employed in deriving data on the state of disrepair of the buildings. The quantitative data was analysed using univariate and multivariate analyses; while the qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The result shows that most academic buildings, especially classrooms in public secondary schools investigated were in the state of disrepair, and that there was a need for urgent steps to be taken in addressing the situation. Also eleven of the nineteen deterioration factors investigated were the most significant, five were less significant and two were found not to be significant in explaining the conditions of academic buildings in the schools. In terms of their contribution to deterioration of academic buildings in the public secondary schools sampled, the lack of maintenance body and policy was rated higher than location of the schools. In addition, result of the multiple regression analyses involving seventy-four independent variables and four dependent variables was significant at (p < 0.005) and the 95% confidence level; and the adjusted R2 for the four models were 30%, 25%, 25% and 60%, respectively. Validation of the models confirmed that in the order of importance, maintenance planning; maintenance strategy; physical condition of buildings; and the length of stay of maintenance managers in the schools were the key predictors of the present conditions of academic buildings in public secondary schools in the study area. Findings of this study imply that if adequate attention is given to the development and adoption of appropriate maintenance strategies; maintenance planning, building components and length of stay of maintenance managers in public secondary schools, there will be a significant improvement in the conditions of academic buildings in public secondary schools in the study area in particular, and Nigeria in general. 8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------i Declaration --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii Certification ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii Dedication --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iv