The Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks: Objectives and Principles Antonina Stoyanova Senior Legal Officer International Registries of Madrid and Lisbon WIPO 1989 Russ Suchard et Cie 1970 Madrid Protocol PCT 1967 1960 WIPO Convention BIRPI moves to Geneva 1925 Hague Agreement 1893 BIRPI 1891 1886 Madrid Agreement 1883 Berne Convention Paris Convention More than 100 years of Experience … NOT Printed … More than a Million Trademarks Worldwide NOT Printed IRN 158 574 This Longine trademark is the oldest international trademark still in effect. Originally registered in Switzerland in 1889, then internationally in 1893. Marking a Million The registration of the millionth mark by Austrian eco- company IRN 1 000 000 NOT Printed Concept of the Madrid System CONCEPT A simple, low-cost and effective system facilitating trademark protection in export markets through: • one central application and registration procedure ensuring effects in a number of territories bound by the system • one central procedure to maintain and manage an international registration with effects in all territories concerned Comparison between national and international route National (direct) route vs. Madrid (inter.) route Different procedures Only one procedure Different languages One language 1 of 3 (E/F/S) Different fees in local One set of fees in CH currencies (exchange–rate implications) Management of IRs: Recording of changes One procedure with respect of all countries (in each separate country a different procedure) Renewals Representative required Representative required only in case of from outset refusal Legal Framework and Geographical Scope Madrid Union 2 Agreement only 29 Protocol only (including EU) 54 Agreement and Protocol 85 Members Geographical Scope II 81 MEMBERS PARTY TO THE PROTOCOL Albania, Antigua and Barbuda, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Bhutan, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Botswana, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Denmark, Estonia, Egypt, European Union, Finland, France, Georgia, Ghana, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lesotho, Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Netherlands (+Netherlands Antilles), Norway, Oman, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, San Marino, San Tome and Principe, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Zambia underlined = Agreement also 2 MEMBERS PARTY TO THE AGREEMENT ONLY Algeria and Tajikistan www.wipo.int/madrid/en/members/ipoffices_info.html The Madrid System in Trademarks World Some 965,000 trademark applications were filed worldwide by non- residents in 2007 of which Some 370,000 are through the designation under the Madrid system (38%) Going Global Accelerated geographic expansion more attractive as more trading partners join increased flexibility in targeting markets with respect to particular goods and services Increased use by existing as well as new Contracting Parties (developing as well as developed) by small, medium and large enterprises Main Principles An additional route An optional route A closed system One registration - a bundle of rights Basic Features Basic Features A need for a basic application or basic registration (“basic mark”) in a CP of the Madrid System Attachment necessary between the owner and that CP: establishment, domicile, or nationality IA must designate one or more other CPs with common treaty Indirect filing through OO Possibility of a refusal of protection by the Offices of the DCPs Possibility of subsequent designation (SD) IR is dependent on basic mark for 5 years 10-year term of protection Centralized management of IR Filing Formalities One form:MM1, MM2, MM3 One language, English, French or Spanish (Office may restrict) One set of fee in Swiss Franc (Fees = basic fee ( 653 or 903 if color) + additional class fees,supplementary (beyond three classes100 CHF); desingation fees, complementary-100CHF or individual, if opted) Can be paid through OO if so declared; Central Registration by the IB International Mark Central registration in the Madrid Register Central Publication (WIPO Gazette) One Certificate Many notifications to all designated CPs 10-year term of protection, renewable centrally Application and Registration Flow Certify and forward OFFICE OF ORIGIN application to the IB APPLICANT Entitlement Basic mark Formal examination; EN INTERNATIONAL registration; publication (Gazette); Certificate; BUREAU Notification to all DCPs OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE Substantive examination under local law, within 12/18 months refusal protection= effect of a local registration Centralized Management before the IB Subsequent designations Representative before the IB Assignments Changes in name and address of holder and representative Recording of Limitation, Renunciation and Cancellation Recording of Licenses Recording of Restriction of the Holder’s Right of Disposal Madrid SystemMadrid Information Services Legal Texts and Guide www.wipo.int/madrid/en/legal_texts) paper publication, on-line-fr WIPO Gazette /www.wipo.int/madridgazette/en) (09) -E-Gazette + PDF format: (free of charge) + DVD Fee calculator www.wipo.int/madrid/en/fees/calculator.jsp) -on-line service (free ) Application Simulator www.wipo.int/madrid/en/madrid_simulator) on-line service (free) Renewal webaccess.wipo.int/trademarks_ren/erenewal_en.jsp) on-line service On-line Payment : webaccess.wipo.int/epayment) on-line for fees notified by WIPO Madrid Express www.wipo.int/madrid/en/services/madrid_express.htm)- on-line database (free ROMARIN :// www.wipo.int/madrid/en/romarin) - on-line database (free ) plus DVD for subscription Country Profiles www.wipo.int/madrid/en/members/ipoffices_info.html) 76 CPs’pages http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en Some Developments and Statistics International Registrations in Force as of December 31, 2009 515,562 the total number of registrations in force, equivalent to over 5.6 million active national/regional registrations, belonging to 169,939 trademark holders General Profile 2009 35,925 International Registrations Average Number of Designations 7.4 Average Number of Classes 2.6 Average Fee CHF 3,408 All Fees 57%< 3,000 CHF Top Filer CPs in 2010(until September) as compared to 2009 Origin No. Filing 2009 Germany 2 713 1 EU 2 611 2 France 2 541 3 USA 2 375 4 Switzerland 1 057 8 Benelux 1,221 6 Italy 1,444 5 China 1,090 7 Japan 747 9 Russian Fed. 697 10 Austria 557 13 UK 655 11 Australia 597 12 Top Designated CPs for 2010( but only until September ) Origin 2010 2009 Share Growth China 1 8 646 14,766 4.9% -17.2% Russian Federation 4 7 855 14,150 4.7% -15.6% United States of America 3 8 079 13,406 4.4% -14.7% Switzerland 5 7 322 13,161 4.3% -11.7% European Union 2 8 452 12,564 4.1% -13.4% Japan 6 6 150 10,386 3.4% -18.5% Australia 7 5 102 8,575 2.8% -18.6% Ukraine 8 4 431 8,539 2.8% -19.7% Turkey 10 4 257 9,844 2.6% -19.3% Republic of Korea 9 4 305 9,539 2.6% -18.7% Norway 11 4 205 9,787 2.5% -22.1% Croatia 14 3 008 5,967 2.0% -20.2% Singapore 12 3 392 5,957 2.0% -21.7% Germany 13 3 194 5,593 1.8% -19.6% Belarus 15 2 793 9,380 1.8% -20.0% Most Popular classes of goods and services in IRs in 2009 Classes Products and Services 2008 2009 Share Growth Class 9 covers e.g. computer hardware and software and other electrical or electronic apparatus of a scientific nature 9,305 7,935 8.3% -14.7% Class 35 covers services such as office functions, advertising and business management 7,683 6,798 7.1% -11.5% Class 42 covers services provided by e.g. scientific, industrial or technological engineers and computer specialists 6,092 5,337 5.6% -12.4% Class 5 includes mainly pharmaceuticals and other preparations for medical purposes 4,868 4,553 4.7% -6.5% Class 25 covers clothing, footwear and headgear 5,308 4,482 4.7% -15.6% Class 41 covers services in the area of education, training, entertainment, sporting and cultural activities 4,882 4,469 4.7% -8.5% Class 16 includes mainly paper, goods made from that material and office requisites 4,652 3,925 4.1% -15.6% Class 3 includes mainly cleaning preparations and toilet preparations 3,979 3,405 3.6% -14.4% Class 30 includes mainly foodstuffs of plant of origin, prepared for consumption or conservations as well as auxiliaries intended for the improvement of the flavour of food 3,191 2,991 3.1% -6.3% Class 7 includes mainly machines, machine tools, motors and engines 3,294 2,857 3.0% -13.3% Top 50 Holders in 2009 Novartis (CH), Lidl Stiftung (DE); Henkel (DE); Zhejiang Medicine Company (CN), Shimano (JP), KRKA (SL), Richter Gedeon (HR), L’Oréal (FR), BSH Bosh und Siemens (DE), Egis Gyógyszergyár (HU), Pfizer (CH), Janssen Pharmaceutical (BE), Bayer (DE), Glaxo Group (UK), Boehringer Ingelheim (DE), Nestlé (CH), Sanofi Aventis (FR), Callaway Golf Company (US), Siemens (DE), Deutsche Telekom (DE), Biofarma (DE), Beiersdorf (DE), Tui AG (DE), Syngenta Participations (CH), DSM IP Assets (NL), ITM Entreprises (FR), Kabushiki Kaisha (JP), ICN (PL), Spar (AT), Gazprom(RU), Kaufland (DE), Daiichi Sankyo (JP), Audi AG (DE), Unilever (NL), GDF Suez (FR), Hofer (AT), ZF (DE), BASF (DE), Novo Nordisk (DK), Brillux GmbH (DE), Beijing Wanjindao (CN), Pivovarna Union (SL), Christian Dior Couture (FR), Ningbo Far East (CN), Microsoft Corporation (US), Hangzhou Zhongce Rubber (CN), Mibe GmbH (DE), Strauss Adriatic (RS), Merck (DE), Ecom Holdings (AU) International Registrations and Subsequent Designations -1996 - 2009 54'000 44'000 34'000 24'000 14'000 4'000 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 -6'000 Registrations Subsequent designations Signs of Recovery Reflecting the weaker economic conditions, total TM applications declined by 0.9% in 2008 –the first decrease since 2001.