COLLECTION SUMMARY SHEET GEORGE C. MARSHALL LIBRARY COLLECTION: FRANCIS PICKENS MILLER PAPERS MANUSCRIPT NUMBER: 15 INCLUSIVE DATES: 1917-1976 ACCESSION NUMBER: 15, l5A RESTRICTIONS: Classified material located in Operation Sussex, OMGUS & SHAEF fldrs DONOR: Francis Pickens Miller LOCATIONS: Vault upper level DATE OF GIFT: 1971, 1977 COLLECTION REGISTER AVAILABLE: Yes SIZE: 5.5 linear feet BIOGRAPHICAL/HISTORICAL FEATURES: Francis Pickens Miller (1895-1978) served in the Army in both World Wars. During World War I he was a member of the 5th l;"ield Artillery of the AEF. In World War II, as a member of OSS, Miller was U.S. Representative on the Tripartite Control Committee for Operation Sussex in London as well as a member of SHAEF. Following World War II Miller was Plans and Policy Officer for Intelligence, OMGUS. FORMS OF MATERIAL: Correspondence Photographs Orders Newspapers Memorandum Telegrams Maps MAJOR CORRESPONDENTS: Gilbert Renault-Roulier (Remy) SUBJECTS: OSS Hitler assasination attempt Allied occupation of Germany Battle of the Bulge Dachau Buchenwald Operation Sussex AEF ARRAN,GEMENT: By series: World War I; World War II; Office of Military Government for Germany, US (OMGUS); Personal File; Senate Investigation of the National Defense Program; Army Reserve; and a General File. FRANCIS PICKENS MILLER PAPERS Introduction The Francis Pickens Miller Papers~ 19J7-1953~ consists largely of material relating to Colonel Miller's military career. The collection is 12 document boxes in size and is divided into 7 series. Contained in the collection is information on Miller's World War I service in the artillery; his World War II career in military intelligence (at both OSS and SHAEF); the Office of Military Government for Germany~ U.S. (OMGUS); the Senate Investigation of the National Defense Program; and the Army Reserve~ Virginia Military District. Miller's personal file~ 1944-52~ is also included. Items in the collection are: military intelligence reports (including information on OSS Operation Sussex~ and the attempted assassination of Hitler in July 1944)~ correspondence~ orders~ Senate testimony and reports~ newsletters~ bulletins~ maps~ photographs~ Hitler memorabilia~ pamphlets~ notes~ passes~ 1.0. cards~ and receipts. The collection was donated in 1971. An additional gift (ls.\) was made to the collection in 1977. -1- FRANCIS PICKENS MILLER PAPERS Biographical Sketch 1895 Born in Middlesborough, Kentucky, on June 5, the son of Henry &Flora (McElwee) Miller 1914 Graduated from Washington &Lee University, Lexington, Va. (A.B.) 1917-19 World War I service in France: 5th FA, 1st Division, AEF; 58th CAC, AEF 1919-23 Rhodes Scholar, Oxford University, received B.A. 1921, M.A. 1923 1923 Student, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva Switzerland 1927 Married Helen Hill, Children: Andrew, born 1932; Robert, born 1934 1928-38 Chairman, World's Student Christian Federation 1935 Organized National Policy Committee 1936 Organized Public Affairs Committee 1938-41 Organization Director, Council on Foreign Relations 1938-41 Member Va. House of Delegates 1943-44 Lt. Col. OSS. U.S. Representative on Tripartite Control Committee for Operation SUSSEX, London 1944-45 Lt. Col. &Col. SHAEF, G-2 Division, London and Versailles 1945-46 Executive, and Plans &Policy Officer - Office of Director of Intelligence, Office of Military Government for Germany, U.S. (OMGUS), Berlin 1946 U.S. Army Reserve Member 1949 Candidate for governorship - Virginia 1952 Candidate for U.S. Senate 1961-65 State Department Special Assistant, Educational &Cultural Affairs 1967-69 American Revolution Bicentennial Commission member -2- Decorations: Legion of Ment with Cluster (U.S.) Order of the British Empire Legion of Honor; Croix de Guerre With Palms (France) Order of Leopold I with Palm; Croix de Guerre with Palm (Belgium) Memberships: Society of the Cincinnati Oxford Society Phi Gamma Delta Omicron Delta Kappa Century Club of New York City Cosmos Club of Washington, D.C. Yale Club of New York City Author of: The Giant of the Western World, 1930, (with Helen Hill) The'Church'Against'tne'World, 1935, (with H. R. Neibuhr W. Pauck) The Blessings of Liberty, 1936 Man'From'tne'Valley, 1971 -3- FRANCIS PICKENS MILLER PAPERS Scope and Content Note The Francis Pickens Miller pgpers, spanning the yegrs 1917~1953, documents the major events in Colonel Miller's military career. The collection consists of 7 series (12 document boxes): World War I (1917-1919); World War II (1942-45); the Office of Military Government for Germany, U.S. (OMGUS) (1945-46); Personal File (1944-1952); the Senate Investigation of the National Defense Program (1946-47); the Army Reserve (1946-53); and a General File, (1947-50)9 The bulk of the World War I material pertains to Miller's training at the Saumur Field Artillery School and the Angers Heavy Artillery School, and includes instruction pamphlets and manuals, notes, bulletins, and exams. The World War I series also contains maps, postcards, telegrams, and a number of miscellaneous documents (passes, receipts, 1.0. cards, orders, muster rolls, and a military passenger list.) The World War II material documents Miller's overseas Army service. One box contains information on Miller's tour of duty with the Office of Strategic Services in London, where he was assigned staff responsibility for planning and organizing Operation Sussex--an intelligence gathering mission which placed agents behind enemy lines prior to the invasion of France in 1944. Among the items in this box are correspondence, status reports, memos, notes and clippings regarding Sussex, including information about recruiting and training of agents, their placement in France, and the subsequent capture and execution of several members of the operation. Of special importance are photostats of an outline, summary account and detailed account of operation Sussex prepared for the SI War Diary. In addition, there is correspondence with Gilbert Renault-Roulier (Remy), the French member of the Sussex coordinating committee that also included Kenneth Cohen of England and Miller. The items relating to OSS and Sussex span the years 1942-46. Box 6 pertains to Miller's service with SHAEF, G-2 division, 1944- 1945. During this year Miller was responsible for supervising the gathering of intelligence relating to the anticipated Allied occupation of Germany. Included are correspondence, intelligence reports and summaries, memos, notes, orders, maps, clippings and photographs. Four folders contain intelligence information on the Battle of the Bulge, and other items of particular research value concern the legal controversy over patent rights between the German company I.G. Farben and Standard Oil of New Jersey, and the German concentration camps (Dachau and Buchenwald) and POWS. The World War II material also includes one box of more general items: Hitler memorabilia, pamphlets, commendations and decorations, and correspondence relating to the relocation of several German nationals. The OMGUS series (1945-46), consists of 2 document boxes pertaining to Miller's work with the military government in occupied Germany as an official in the Office of the Director of Intelligence, under the over-all command of General Lucius Cl~y. Of special interest are materials relating to illegalities within OMGUS, troop morale and discipline, and OMGUS intelligence reports -4- and memos regarding the attempted assassination of Hitler on July 20, 1944. There are documents concerning intelligence information given by the Russians to the Quadripartite Intelligence Committee in Berlin as well as U.S. material on the Red Army during this period. Reports are included on the following subjects: German Standard of Living Board; OMGUS Plan for Military Government Intelligence, and the War Department Advisory Committee on Military Justice. Otber items in this series are correppondence, reports, notes, orders, directives, pamphlets, telephone directories, passes, and receipts. The post-war material contains information on the Senate Investigation of alleged scandal in the operation of military government in occupied Europe; on Miller's service in the Army Reserve, Virginia Military District; and on Miller's speeches, articles, and his relationship with the French Underground leader Remy. Specific items include Miller1s Senate testimony, correspondence, clippings, newsletters, orders, a Hearings Report, and press releases. The collection was donated to the Marshall Foundation by Francis Pickens Miller in 1971. Mrs. Helen Hill Miller donated a collection of World War I posters at the time Colonel Miller presented his collection to the Marshall Foundation. An addition to the Francis Pickens Miller collection was made in 1977 (15A). The six folders are filed in box 12, folders 32-37, and they contain general correspondence, speeches, clippings, a lecture at West Point in 1947, a list of commendations, items related to the dedication of a memorial to General Hap Adams, and a photo of George Merton. The dates included are; 1941, 1965-1976. -5- FRANCIS PICKENS MILLER PAPERS Container List Box 1: World War I, 1917-1919 B-l/F-l Officers Record Book, n.d. (1) B-l/F-2 Officers Pay and Mileage Voucher Forms, n.d. (4) B-l/F-3 I.D., International Committee of the YMCA, .Tune 1917. (1) B-l/F-4 Travel Pass, Sept., 1917. (1) B-l/F-5 Orders, Sept. 1917-March 1919. (16) B-l/F-6 Muster Rolls, 1st Division, Battery "E", Sept.-Oct. 1917. (30) B-l/F-7 Muster Rolls, 1st Division, Battery "F"', Sept.-oct. 1917. (31) B-l/F-8 Muster Rolls, 1st Division, Headquarter's Company, Sept.-Oct. 1917. (31) B-l/F-9 Cables, Oct. 1917-May 1918. (2) B-l/F-IO Memo: Artillery Officer Instruction, March 22, 1918. (3) B-l/F-ll Battery "E" Daily Action Reports, Nov. 9-11, 1918. (3) B-l/F-12 Army Song Book, 1918. (1) B-l/F-13 Pershing Speeches, Feb. 27-28, 1919. (2) B-l/F-14 Military I.D. with attached orders, April 5, 1919. (1) B-l/F-15 Military Passenger List, n.d.