UCL DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOMATIC ENGINEERING DEVELOPING LOW-CARBON TRANSPORT POLICIES IN PERU WITH CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION DRAFT TRANSPORT NAMA NICK TYLER CBE, CLAUDIA RAMIREZ MARCH 2012 DRAFT TRANSPORT NAMA|UCL 2012 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... 6 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 1 - NATIONALLY APPROPRIATE MITIGATION ACTIONS (NAMAS) .................................................... 10 NAMAS CONTEXT ................................................................................................................................................ 10 THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSPORT IN THE CLIMATE CHANGE FRAMEWORK ........................................................................ 10 EXPECTED BENEFITS FROM A TRANSPORT NAMA ....................................................................................................... 11 EXAMPLES OF TRANSPORT NAMAS FROM OTHER COUNTRIES ....................................................................................... 12 INTERNATIONAL VOLUNTARY COMMUNICATION BY PERU .............................................................................................. 13 PERU’S NATIONAL FRAMEWORK ON CLIMATE CHANGE ................................................................................................. 16 Needs identified ........................................................................................................................................... 20 CHAPTER 2 – TOOLS TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NAMA .............................................................. 21 MOBILITY CONTEXT AND THE NEED FOR ‘MOBILITY REFORM’ ........................................................................................ 21 The hierarchy of Mobility ............................................................................................................................. 21 Modal Retention .......................................................................................................................................... 22 Energy efficiency of transport modes .......................................................................................................... 24 ANALYTICAL AND TECHNICAL TOOLS.......................................................................................................................... 26 The RED Strategy approach ......................................................................................................................... 27 Analytical Tools ............................................................................................................................................ 28 Outcome-based decision making ................................................................................................................. 28 Cost Benefit Analysis vs Multi Criteria Analysis............................................................................................ 31 Establishing a base line ................................................................................................................................ 33 CHAPTER 3 - DEVELOPMENT OF A DRAFT TRANSPORT NAMA ....................................................................... 35 PERU AND THE TRANSPORT CONTEXT ........................................................................................................................ 35 CURRENT TRANSPORT ISSUES .................................................................................................................................. 38 PERU’S COMPETITIVENESS AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES ............................................................................................. 39 PRIORITISING MEASURES ........................................................................................................................................ 40 Urban Mobility ............................................................................................................................................. 41 Energy Efficiency .......................................................................................................................................... 41 Land Use planning ........................................................................................................................................ 41 CHAPTER 4 – DRAFT TRANSPORT NAMA MEASURES ..................................................................................... 43 MEASURE 1 - INTEGRATED MOBILITY ........................................................................................................................ 43 Aim ............................................................................................................................................................... 43 Objectives: .................................................................................................................................................... 43 Proposed Interventions ................................................................................................................................ 51 Time frame for implementation of the draft NAMA .................................................................................... 59 Risks or limitations ....................................................................................................................................... 65 MEASURE 2 – ENERGY EFFICIENCY ........................................................................................................................... 66 Aim ............................................................................................................................................................... 66 Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 67 Proposed Interventions ................................................................................................................................ 68 Time Frame .................................................................................................................................................. 69 Risks or limitations ....................................................................................................................................... 70 MEASURE 3 - GREEN ZONES.................................................................................................................................... 71 DEVELOPING LOW-CARBON TRANSPORT POLICIES IN PERU WITH CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION DRAFT TRANSPORT NAMA|UCL 2012 Aim ............................................................................................................................................................... 71 Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 71 Proposed Interventions ................................................................................................................................ 76 Time Frame .................................................................................................................................................. 78 Co-benefits ................................................................................................................................................... 81 CHAPTER 5 - CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................ 82 APPENDIX I – NAMAS CONTEXT ..................................................................................................................... 85 APPENDIX II - TOOLS TO SUPPORT THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NAMA.............................................................. 88 APPENDIX III DEVELOPING A NAMA............................................................................................................... 98 APPENDIX IV TABLE SUMMARY OF PROPOSED ACTIONS ............................................................................... 99 APPENDIX V EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA PARA VEHÍCULOS LIGEROS EN EL PERÚ ............................................. 104 APPENDIX VI LIMA GREEN ZONES ................................................................................................................ 191 APPENDIX VII IMPACTO AMBIENTAL DE UNA ZONA DE ACTIVIDAD LOGÍSTICA (ZAL) .................................. 236 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................................. 241 DEVELOPING LOW-CARBON TRANSPORT POLICIES IN PERU WITH CAPACITY BUILDING FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION DRAFT TRANSPORT NAMA|UCL 2012 Tables Table 1 Expected benefits matrix from a successful Transport NAMA ................................................ 12 Table 2 Overview and comparison of Transport NAMAs ..................................................................... 14 Table 3 Possible CO2 emission reductions (tonnes) for the Proposed NAMAs from the Second National Communication ...................................................................................................................... 16 Table 4 Ministerial Framework relevant to Transport