Exemplar for internal assessment resource Religious Studies for Achievement Standard 90817 Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard Religious Studies Level 1 This exemplar supports assessment against: Achievement Standard 90817 Describe a significant development within a religious tradition An annotated exemplar is an extract of student evidence, with a commentary, to explain key aspects of the standard. It assists teachers to make assessment judgements at the grade boundaries. New Zealand Qualifications Authority To support internal assessment from 2014 © NZQA 2014 Exemplar for internal assessment resource Religious Studies for Achievement Standard 90817 Grade Boundary: Low Excellence 1. For Excellence, students need to comprehensively describe a significant development within a religious tradition. This involves: • making links between key aspects or features of the development • describing wider implications of the development. The student has described some of the wider implications of the Reformation as a significant development within the Christian tradition (1). The student has made some links between the key aspects of when and where the Reformation happened, the people involved, and the events that took place (2). The remainder of the student’s work is at a similar level to the excerpt of writing that is exemplified here. For a more secure Excellence, the student could provide further evidence by comprehensively describing what else Martin Luther was protesting (i.e. not solely indulgences) and challenging the teaching of the Church (3). This student could identify more chronological dates in their script (4). © NZQA 2014 The term Reformation refers to time in the 16th century when the Church split because of the teaching of people like Martin Luther and John Calvin. There were earlier protests about aspects of the Catholic Church but it wasn’t until Martin Luther that these were successful and led to major changes. In 1517 Martin Luther nailed his protest (95 Theses) about practices in the Church to the church door in Wittenberg. One thing he was against was selling of indulgences for the forgiveness of sin. The significance of this was that he was challenging the teaching of the Church (3). The Pope asked Luther to go back on his protest but he refused. He also refused when the Emperor asked him to. He famously said: "Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason - I do not accept the authority of the popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other - my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen." He was excommunicated by the Pope Leo X and outlawed by the Emperor Frederick III. Although he was outlawed other princes who supported him secretly kidnapped him and ensured he was protected. The support of these princes’ shows that there were other issues as well as religious factors involved with one of the most important being nationalism and the desire of many rulers to be free of the pope’s authority and taxes (2). Martin Luther returned to Wittenberg (4) where he organised a new church. He wrote a new mass and translated the Bible into German. He wrote many new hymns and continued his writing about Christian belief. As a result of Luther’s protest many new protestant churches developed. These were national churches such as the Lutheran Church in Germany, the Lutheran Church in Sweden and the Presbyterian Church in Scotland. The changes were also significant for the Church in England when Edward VI (4) was on the throne, leading to a split with Rome and the formation of the Anglican Church or the Church of England (1). The Reformation led to a series of religious wars the most important being the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which destroyed a lot of Germany, and killed between 25% and 40% of its population (1). The Catholic Church responded to these challenges to its authority with the Council of Trent held in 1545. Many aspects of the Church’s life were reformed and key beliefs were restated. During this time the Jesuit Order was founded by Ignatius Loyola and gained papal support to preach and destroy Protestant ideas by defending and spread the faith (2). The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War. The terms of this Treaty show some of the wider implications of Luther’s protest. The results were not just a reform of the Catholic Church or even new Protestant churches, but also it influenced the growth of nationalism and a new emphasis on individual religious freedom (2): • each prince would have the right to determine the religion of his own state, the options being Roman Catholicism, Lutheranism, or Calvinism • Christians living in states where their denomination was not the established church were guaranteed the right to practice their faith in public during allotted hours and in private at their will. (1) The treaty ended the Pope’s European political power. Pope Innocent X declared the treaty "null, void, invalid, iniquitous, unjust, damnable, reprobate, inane, empty of meaning and effect for all time" but European rulers, Roman Catholic and Protestant alike, ignored him showing how significant the change was (1). Exemplar for internal assessment resource Religious Studies for Achievement Standard 90817 Grade Boundary: High Merit 2. For Merit, a student needs to describe in detail a significant development within a religious tradition. This involves outlining the significance of some key aspects or features of the development. The student has outlined in detail, with regard to the Christian tradition, when and where the Reformation occurred, along with the key stages and the role of key people within it (5). The student has outlined in more detail the significance of the excommunication of Martin Luther by the Catholic Church, and the support he received from the German princes during the Reformation (6). The student has outlined in detail the impact of the Reformation in relation to the Catholic Church in England, and the formation of the Jesuits (7). The remainder of the student’s work is at a similar level to the excerpt of writing that is exemplified here. To reach Excellence, the student could comprehensively describe the Reformation a significant development within the Christian tradition by making links between key aspects or features of the development and describing wider implications of the development. For example, this student could give more detail about the impact of the Reformation on the Catholic Church in England and the wider implications of the decisions of Henry VII and/or the Council of Trent and its recommendations, and the effect that these decisions/recommendations had on the Catholic Church. © NZQA 2014 The term Reformation refers to time in the 16th century when the Church split because of the teaching of people like Martin Luther and John Calvin (5). There were earlier protests about aspects of the Catholic Church but it wasn’t until Martin Luther that these were successful led to major changes in the Church in Europe. In 1517 Martin Luther nailed his protest (95 Theses) about practices in the Church to the church door in Wittenberg (5). One thing he was against was selling of indulgences for the forgiveness of sin. The significance of this was that he was challenging the official teaching of the church. Pope Leo X asked Luther to go back on his protest but he refused. He also refused when the Emperor Fredrick III (5) asked him to. He famously said: "Unless I am convinced by Scripture and plain reason - I do not accept the authority of the popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other - my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen." He was excommunicated by the Pope Leo X and outlawed by the Emperor Fredrick III at the Council of Worms in 1521 (5). Although he was outlawed, he was secretly protected by the German prince of his area.This protection was very significant not only because it saved Luther’s life but because it shows that many of the German princes supported Luther, if not for religious reasons for political reasons to oppose the power of the Pope (6). Luther later returned to Wittenberg where he organised a new church. As a result of Luther’s protest many new protestant churches developed. These were national churches such as the Lutheran Church in Germany and the Lutheran Church in Sweden. The changes were also significant for the church in England when Edward VI was on the throne, leading to a split with Rome and the formation of the Anglican Church or Church of England (7). The Reformation led to a series of religious wars the most important being the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which destroyed a lot of Germany, and killed between 25% and 40% of its population (5). The Catholic Church responded with a Council of Trent in 1545. The Council led to the Church reforming many aspects of its life. During this time, the Jesuit Order was founded by Ignatius Loyola and gained papal support to preach and destroy Protestant ideas by defending and spread the faith (7). Exemplar for internal assessment resource Religious Studies for Achievement Standard 90817 Grade Boundary: Low Merit 3. For Merit, the student needs to describe in detail a significant development within a religious tradition. This involves outlining the significance of some key aspects or features of the development. The student has outlined, for the Christian tradition, when and where the Reformation occurred, some stages of the development, the nailing of the 95 theses to the door of Wittenburg Cathedral by Martin Luther, and the role of people such as the Pope and the Emperor (8).