EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 6 - REPORT on TABLE GRAPES – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Wistermann A, Grousset F, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Table grapes – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/111o40dea8df7 DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on Table grapes – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Background on Vitis .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Production and trade of table grapes .......................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Characteristics of the pathway ‘table grapes’ ............................................................................................. 5 1.3.1 Commodity ‘table grapes’: characteristics and regulations ................................................................ 5 1.3.2 Harvest, sorting and packaging ......................................................................................................... 5 1.3.3 Duration and conditions of storage and transport .............................................................................. 6 2. Methods as used for table grapes ........................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Step 1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Step 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.3 Step 3 ......................................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Results and their discussion ................................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Considerations on pests listed at Step 1 and Step 2, and selected for the Alert List .................................. 7 3.1.1 Step 1 List .......................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.3 Alert List ............................................................................................................................................. 8 3.1.4 Possible gaps in data and pests missing from the lists ...................................................................... 8 3.2 Other findings of interest during the preparation of Alert Lists .................................................................... 8 3.2.1 Pest already regulated in the EU ....................................................................................................... 9 3.2.2 Pests recommended for regulation by EPPO .................................................................................... 9 3.2.3 Pests already present in the EU ........................................................................................................ 9 3.2.4 Other pathways for Vitis pests ......................................................................................................... 10 3.2.5. Contaminants ................................................................................................................................... 10 3.2.6 Fruit-piercing Noctuidae for which only adults are associated with table grapes ............................. 12 3.2.7 Pests proposed in answer to the EPPO Questionaire on pests of concern for Vitis ........................ 12 3.2.8 Were major pests identified? ........................................................................................................... 12 4. Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 13 5. References (All references were accessed in 2016) ............................................................................ 14 ANNEX 1. Categories of pests retained on the Alert List ................................................................................. 15 ANNEX 2. Organisms excluded from further consideration at Step 1 ........................................................... 16 ANNEX 3. List of pests remaining for consideration for the Alert List at Step 2 ........................................... 24 ANNEX 4. Pests proposed in answer to the EPPO questionnaire (2016-04) on pests of concern for Vitis . 26 ANNEX 5: Vitis alert list ....................................................................................................................................... 32 PART 1 – PESTS WITH HIGH ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND MORE LIKELY TO TRANSFER .................... 33 Alternaria viticola (Ascomycota) ............................................................................................................................ 33 Argyrotaenia sphaleropa (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) .............................................................................................. 35 Harrisina brillians (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) ........................................................................................................ 36 Marmara gulosa (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) ........................................................................................................ 36 Paralobesia viteana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) ...................................................................................................... 37 Phlyctinus callosus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) .................................................................................................... 38 Physalospora baccae (Ascomycetes: Xylariales) .................................................................................................. 33 Proeulia auraria (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) ............................................................................................................ 39 Retithrips syriacus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) ....................................................................................................... 39 Rhipiphorothrips cruentatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) ......................................................................................... 40 Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xanthomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae) .................................................. 34 Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) .......................................................................................................... 41 PART 2 – PESTS WITH LESSER ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE AND MORE LIKELY TO TRANSFER, OR HIGH ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE BUT LESS LIKELY TO TRANSFER ....................................................... 43 Accuminulia buscki (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) ....................................................................................................... 43 Aleurolobus taonabae (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) ................................................................................................... 43 Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) ......................................................................................................... 44 Argyrotaenia citrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) ..................................................................................................... 45 Argyrotaenia velutinana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) ................................................................................................ 46 Brevipalpus chilensis (Acarida: Tenuipalpidae) ..................................................................................................... 47 Carpophilus davidsoni (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) .................................................................................................... 47 1 Cotinis nitida (Coleoptera: Scarabaidae) ............................................................................................................... 48 Dichocrocis punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) .............................................................................................. 49 Naupactus xanthographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ........................................................................................ 50 Nipaecoccus viridis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) ................................................................................................ 51 Nippoptilia vitis (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) ........................................................................................................ 52 Platynota stultana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) ........................................................................................................